THE EFFECTS OF R & D ACTIVITIES ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON NUTS I REGIONS OF TURKEY Abstract

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 143 - 154, 01.04.2018

Ayşegül Baykul

Öz

One of the most important determinants of increasing competition in today's information society is R & D activities. There are many studies examining the effects of R & D activities on economic growth. These studies are concentrated on country comparisons and single country data. In this study, R & D expenditures, one of the determinants of regional economic growth, and the effects of R & D employment on regional economic growth were examined by Panel Data Analysis. The review was based on the 2010-2014 data from Level I statistical regions in Turkey. The impact of R & D expenditures and R & D employment on regional economic growth has been found to be positive and statistically significant

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regional Economic Growth, R&D Expenditure, R&D Personnel, Panel Data Analysis

Bölgesel Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerinde Ar-Ge Faaliyetlerinin Etkileri: Türkiye’de Düzey I Bölgelerinde Ampirik Bir İnceleme

Öz

Günümüz bilgi toplumunda artan rekabetin en önemli belirleyicilerinden biri Ar-Ge faaliyetleridir. Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini inceleyen birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmaların ise ülke karşılaştırmaları ve tek ülke verileri üzerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bölgesel ekonomik büyümenin belirleyicilerinden biri olan Ar-Ge harcamaları ve Ar-Ge istihdamının bölgesel ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri Panel Veri Analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. İnceleme Türkiye’de Düzey I istastiki bölgelerinin 2010-2014 verilerine dayanılarak yapılmıştır. Ar-Ge harcamaları ve Ar-Ge istihdamının bölgesel ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi pozitif ve istatistikî olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgesel Ekonomik Büyüme, Ar-Ge Harcaması, Ar-Ge istihdamı, Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

• Abramovitz, M. (1956). Resource and Output Trends in The United States Since 1870, American Economic Review, Vol. 46, Papers and Proceedings, May, 2. 5-23.
• Aghion, P., Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction, Econometrica 60 (2), 323–351.
• Akıncı, M., Sevinç, H. (2013). Ar-Ge Harcamaları ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: 1990-2011 Türkiye Örneği, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, S. 6 (27), s. 7-17.
• Altın, O., Kaya, A. A. (2009). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensel İlişkinin Analizi, Ege Akademik Bakış, S. 9 (1), s. 251-259.
• Baltagi, H. B. (2014). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 6th Ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
• Braconier, H. (2000). Do Higher Per Capita Incomes Lead to More R&D Expenditure?, Review of Development Economics, 4 (3), 244–257.
• Capello, R., Nijkamp, P. (2009). Handbook of Regional Growth and Development Theories, Edward Elgar Publishing,
• Emir, M., Kutlu, M. (2014). Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting-JEFA), Vol.1(1)
• Falk, M. (2007). R&D Spending in the High-Tech Sector and Economic Growth". Research in Economics 61:140-147.
• Freeman, C., Soete, L. (2003). Yenilik İktisadı, Çev: Ergun Türkcan, Ankara, Tübitak Yayınları
• Freımane, R., Bāliņa, S. (2016). Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth in the EU: A Panel Data Analysis, Economics and Business, Vol: 29, Issue:1
• Gittelman, M. & Wolff, E.N. (1995). R&D Activity and Cross-Country Growth Comparisons, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19, 189–207
• Goel, R. K., Payne J. E., RAM. (2008),.R&D Expenditures and U.S. Economic Growth:A Disaggregated Approach, Journal of Policy Modeling, 30, 237–250
• Goel, R.K., Ram, R. (1994). Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 403–11.
• Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis, 7th Edition, Essex: Pearson Education.
• Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Gümüş, E. & Çelikay, F. (2015). R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 9(3), 205–217.
• Huňady, J., Orviská, M. (2014). The Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on Innovation Performance and Economic Growth of the Country – the Empirical Evidence, CBU International Conference Proceedings 2014, 2, 119–125.
• Işık, N., Efe Kılınç, C. (2011). Bölgesel Kalkınmada Ar-Ge ve İnovasyonun Önemi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, Ekim 6 (2), 9-54.
• Kendrick, J.W. (1973). Postwar Productivity Trends in the United States 1948-1969, New York: National Economic Research.
• Lichtenberg, F.R. (1992). R&D investment and international productivity differences NBER Working Paper Series No. 4161. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
• Lucas, R.E. (1988). On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3–42.
• Martin, R. L., (2005). Thinking About Regional Competitiveness: Critical Issues, Backgroud Paper Commissioned by the East Midlands Development Agency
• Martin, R. Sunley, P. (1998). Slow Convergence? The New Endogenous Growth Theory and Regional Development, Economic Geography, 74 (3), 201-227.
• OECD (2014), OECD Factbook, Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics , http://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/docserver/download/3013081ec061.pdf?expires=1511177762&id=id&accname=guest&che cksum=BEF1004C04987AB2695A8E08D19EE861
• Park, W.G. (1995). International R&D Spillovers and OECD Economic Growth, Economic Inquir Vol. 33, No.4, 571-591.
• Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, Issue 5, 71-102
• Shaw, G.K. (1992). Policy Implications of Endogenous Growth Theory,” The Economic Journal 102 (May), 611-621.
• Solow, R. M. (I 956). A Contribution to The Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 70, pp. 65-9
• Stough, R.R., Stimson, R.J., Nijkamp, P. (2011). An Endogenous Perspective on Regional Development and Growth, İçinde Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. ve Stough, R.R. (Eds.) Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics, 3-20, Springer, Heidelberg.
• Taban, S., Şengür, M. (2013). AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt:14, Yıl:14, Sayı:1, 14, 355-376
• Tarı, R., Alabaş, M.M. (2017). The Relationship Between R&D Expenditures And Economic Growth: The Case Of Turkey (1990-2014), AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2017, Cilt:17, Sayı: 2, 17: 1-17
• Van Pottelsberghe del la Potterie, B., Guellec, D. (2004). From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do The Institutional Settings and The Source of Funds of R&D Matter?, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 66(3), 353–78.
• Wang, H., Wu, D. (2015). An Explanation for China’s Economic Growth: Expenditure on R&D Promotes Economic Growth—Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data of 1997-2013, Journal of Service Science and Management, 8, 809-816
• Yanyun, Z., Mingqian, Z. (2004). R&D and Economic Growth-Panel Data Analysis in ASEAN+3 Countries. The Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China
• Yavan, N. (2011). Teşviklerin Bölgesel Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz, Ekonomik Yaklaşım, 22(81), 65-104.
• Yu-Ming, W., Li, Z., Jian-Xia, L. (2007). Co-Integration and Causality between R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth in China: 1953-2004, International Conference on Public Administration.