Araştırma Makalesi
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The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1727 - 1743, 27.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505714

Öz

With the dissemination of the use of factories and open market principals in the 18th and 19th centuries, people and states started to reach products easily. Although this process eased life, it affected nature and human life severely. More than half-century international communities, like the UN, tried to find solutions to tackle poverty, environmental problems, and scarcity of resources. In 1987 Brundtland Commission report explained the need for united development and environment which then called sustainable development. In the following years fears from terroristic threats and environmental disasters increased so in 2000 Millenium Development Goals were published by the UN along with 22 non-governmental organizations with the aim of providing decent lives and protecting the environment. However, MDG was not successful in fulfilling its targets so at the concluding of it, set of new goals called Sustainable Development Goals were agreed to be implemented under 2030 Agenda with wider-pattern and human-centred approach. Despite SDGs broad approach to the subject, there are still incontrovertible lacks between targets and policies so the main aim of this article is to analyze the short comparison between the MDGs and the SDGs effectiveness and explain why more concrete policies and decentralized mechanisms are needed to accomplish goals.

Kaynakça

  • Blowers, A., Boersema, J., & Martin, A. (2012). Is sustainable development sustainable? Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9:1, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2012.666045
  • Brockington, D. (2012). A radically conservative vision? The challenge of UNEP's towards a green economy. Development and Change, 43(1), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01750.x
  • Coady, D., Parry, I., Sears, L., & Shang, B. (2016). How large are global fossil fuel subsidies? World Development, 91, 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.004
  • Evans, A. (2012). The UN’s role on sustainable development. (Accessed at: 17/10/2018), https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/evans_sustainable_development.pdf
  • Keny-Guyer, N. (2015). 5 ways the sustainable development goals can succeed. (Accessed at: 16/11/2018), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/08/5-ways-sustainable-development-goals-can-success/
  • United Nations Development Group. (2016). The sustainable development goals are coming to life: stories of country implementation and UN support. (Accessed at: 04/11/2018), https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/SDGs-are-Coming-to-Life-UNDG-1.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). The millennium development goals report. (Accessed at: 10/10/2018), http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
  • United Nations. (2018). The sustainable development goals report. (Accessed at: 25/11/2018), http://sdgactioncampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsReport2018.pdf
  • United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. (2015). Economic and social survey for asia and the pacific: part 2 – balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development: from integration to implementation. (Accessed at: 02/11/2018), https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/survey2015-pt2-cs71-theme-study.pdf
  • Zhou, X., & Moinuddin, M. (2017). Sustainable development goals interlinkages and network analysis: A practical tool for SDG integration and policy coherence. IGES, Japan.
  • Quental, N., Lourenço, J.M., & Da Silva, F. N. (2011). Sustainable development policy: goals, targets and political cycles. Sustainable Development, 19(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.416
  • Woodbridge, M. (2015). From MDGs to SDGs: what are the sustainable development goals? (Accessed at: 05/11/2018) http://localizingthesdgs.org/library/251/From-MDGs-to-SDGs-What-are-the-Sustainable-Development-Goals.pdf

Birleşmiş Milletler ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Desteklenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1727 - 1743, 27.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505714

Öz

18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda fabrikaların ve serbest piyasa ilkelerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte insanlar ve devletler ürünlere kolayca ulaşmaya başladı. Bu süreç hayatı kolaylaştırsa da, doğayı ve insan hayatını ciddi şekilde etkiledi. Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) gibi uluslararası topluluklar, yarım yüzyıldan fazla yoksulluk, çevre sorunları ve kaynakların azlığı ile mücadele etmek için çözümler bulmaya çalıştı. 1987'de yayınlanan Brundtland Komisyonu raporu, daha sonra sürdürülebilir kalkınma olarak adlandırılan, birleşik kalkınmaya ve çevreye olan ihtiyacı açıkladı. İlerleyen yıllarda terörist tehditlerden ve çevresel felaketlerden duyulan korkuların artmasıyla, Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri (Milenyum Kalkınma Hedefleri), 2000 yılında BM tarafından iyi bir yaşam sağlamak ve çevreyi korumak amacıyla 22 sivil toplum kuruluşu ile birlikte yayımlandı. Bununla birlikte, Binyıl Kalkınma Hedeflerine ulaşmada yaşanan başarısızlık nedeniyle, sonuç olarak, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SDG) olarak adlandırılan yeni hedefler dizisinin 2030 Gündemi altında daha geniş kapsamlı ve insan merkezli bir yaklaşımla uygulanması kabul edilmiştir. Yeni kabul edilen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmanın Desteklenmesi (SKD) her ne kadar konuya geniş bir şekilde yaklaşsa da, hedefler ve uygulamalar arasında hala tartışılmaz derecede eksiklikler bulunmaktadır ve bu sebeple bu çalışmanın temel amacı Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri ile SKD’lerin etkinliğini kısaca karşılaştırıp analiz etmek ve hedeflere ulaşmak için neden daha somut politikalar ve ademi merkeziyetçi mekanizmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu açıklamaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Blowers, A., Boersema, J., & Martin, A. (2012). Is sustainable development sustainable? Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9:1, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2012.666045
  • Brockington, D. (2012). A radically conservative vision? The challenge of UNEP's towards a green economy. Development and Change, 43(1), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01750.x
  • Coady, D., Parry, I., Sears, L., & Shang, B. (2016). How large are global fossil fuel subsidies? World Development, 91, 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.004
  • Evans, A. (2012). The UN’s role on sustainable development. (Accessed at: 17/10/2018), https://cic.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/evans_sustainable_development.pdf
  • Keny-Guyer, N. (2015). 5 ways the sustainable development goals can succeed. (Accessed at: 16/11/2018), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/08/5-ways-sustainable-development-goals-can-success/
  • United Nations Development Group. (2016). The sustainable development goals are coming to life: stories of country implementation and UN support. (Accessed at: 04/11/2018), https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/SDGs-are-Coming-to-Life-UNDG-1.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). The millennium development goals report. (Accessed at: 10/10/2018), http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
  • United Nations. (2018). The sustainable development goals report. (Accessed at: 25/11/2018), http://sdgactioncampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsReport2018.pdf
  • United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. (2015). Economic and social survey for asia and the pacific: part 2 – balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development: from integration to implementation. (Accessed at: 02/11/2018), https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/survey2015-pt2-cs71-theme-study.pdf
  • Zhou, X., & Moinuddin, M. (2017). Sustainable development goals interlinkages and network analysis: A practical tool for SDG integration and policy coherence. IGES, Japan.
  • Quental, N., Lourenço, J.M., & Da Silva, F. N. (2011). Sustainable development policy: goals, targets and political cycles. Sustainable Development, 19(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.416
  • Woodbridge, M. (2015). From MDGs to SDGs: what are the sustainable development goals? (Accessed at: 05/11/2018) http://localizingthesdgs.org/library/251/From-MDGs-to-SDGs-What-are-the-Sustainable-Development-Goals.pdf
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Emin Erendor 0000-0002-8467-0743

Cem Sunguray Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6984-7854

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erendor, M. E., & Sunguray, C. (2019). The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 1727-1743. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505714
AMA Erendor ME, Sunguray C. The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development. MJSS. Nisan 2019;8(2):1727-1743. doi:10.33206/mjss.505714
Chicago Erendor, Mehmet Emin, ve Cem Sunguray. “The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Nisan 2019): 1727-43. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505714.
EndNote Erendor ME, Sunguray C (01 Nisan 2019) The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 2 1727–1743.
IEEE M. E. Erendor ve C. Sunguray, “The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development”, MJSS, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 1727–1743, 2019, doi: 10.33206/mjss.505714.
ISNAD Erendor, Mehmet Emin - Sunguray, Cem. “The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/2 (Nisan 2019), 1727-1743. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.505714.
JAMA Erendor ME, Sunguray C. The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development. MJSS. 2019;8:1727–1743.
MLA Erendor, Mehmet Emin ve Cem Sunguray. “The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 1727-43, doi:10.33206/mjss.505714.
Vancouver Erendor ME, Sunguray C. The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development. MJSS. 2019;8(2):1727-43.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     


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