Tarihsel Süreç ve Öğretiler Bağlamında Çin Dış Politikasının Kuramsallaştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 1389 - 1408, 19.04.2021

Kamala Valiyeva Uğur Yasin Asal

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.874794

Öz

Çin’in dış politika vizyonunu ve davranışının düşünsel yapısını ve Çin öz algısını derin bir şekilde etkileyen temel unsurlardan biri tarih faktörüdür. Çin’in dış politikası ve küresel yükseliş stratejisi, bir süreklilik içinde var olan istikrar ve değişimin birleşimiyle karakterize edilir. Bu makale, yükselen bir güç olarak ya da Henry Kissinger’ın ifadesiyle, geri dönen bir güç olarak Çin’in dış politika kimliğinin ve davranışının tarihsel geçmiş etkeniyle belirlendiği fikrini doğrulamaya çalışmaktadır. Tarihsel deneyimlerinin gölgesinde gelişerek yükselen bir Çin’in hem iç siyasi söylemi hem de dış politika stratejisi, Çin ulusunun tarihte yaşadığı olay ve deneyimlere referanslar içerir. Tarihe yönelik bu çağrım en çok Xi Jinping’in “Çin ulusunun yeniden canlanmasını” hızlandırması beklenen “Çin Rüyası” konseptinde tezahür etmektedir. Çin’in dış politika yaklaşımlarının evrimini ana hatlarıyla ve retrospektif bir biçimde açıklayan bu makale, Çin dış politikası ve Çin’in küresel yükselişi olgusuna yönelik kuramsal yaklaşımları özetlemektedir. Bu bağlamda makale, uluslararası sistemin mevcut yapısı, işleyişi ve ilkeleriyle ilişkili olarak “revizyonizm” ve “statükoya bağlılık” ikilemine odaklanarak, mevcut teorik yaklaşımları geleneksel ve eklektik kuramsallaştırma olmak üzere iki kategori çerçevesinde ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin, Küresel Yükseliş, Tarihsel Süreklilik, Dış Politika

Theorizing Chinese Foreign Policy: Conceptual Tenets in Historical Continuum

Öz

One of the main determinants that indelibly influence China’s foreign policy vision and behavior, as well as the ideational structure of Chinese self-perception is the factor of history. China’s foreign policy and its strategy of global rise are characterized by a combination of constancy and change in a continuum. This paper attempted to substantiate the idea that as a rising power or as Henry Kissinger put it, a returning power China’s foreign policy identity and behavior are determined by its historical past. China exists and evolves in the shadow of its past experiences. Both the domestic political narrative and the foreign policy strategy of a rising China contain numerous references to the historical experience of the Chinese nation. This appeal to history is most fully projected in Xi Jinping’s “Chinese Dream” concept, the realization of which is supposed to accelerate the “great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation”. By outlining the evolution of China’s foreign policy approaches in a retrospective manner this paper summarizes the existing conceptual accounts of Chinese foreign policy and the phenomenon of China’s global rise. In doing so the paper differentiates existing theoretical approaches into two categories of conventional and eclectic theorizing with a specific focus on the dichotomy of “revisionism” and “adherence to the status quo” in relation to the existing structure and principles of the international system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

China, Historical Continuum, Global Rise, Foreign Policy

Теоретизация Внешней Политики Китая: Концептуальные Положения в Историческом Континууме

Öz

Одним из основных детерминантов, определяющих внешнеполитическое видение и поведение Китая, а также идейное строение китайского самовосприятия является фактор истории. Внешняя политика Китая и его стратегия подъема характеризуются совокупностью исторической преемственности и изменений в континууме. В данной статье была предпринята попытка обосновать идею о том, что внешнеполитическая идентичность и поведение Китая, как возвышающейся или по выражению Генри Киссинджера, возвращающейся силы, определяется его историческим прошлым. Как внутриполитический нарратив, так и внешнеполитическая стратегия глобального возвышения Китая, существующего и развивающегося «в тени своего прошлого», содержит множество ссылок на исторический опыт китайской нации, наиболее полно проецированных в концепции председателя КНР Си Цзиньпина «китайской мечты», осуществление которой, как представляется, должно привести к «великому национальному возрождению» страны и нации. В этом контексте традиция установления связи между внешнеполитическим поведением (и целями) Китая и его историей, вновь обрела значимость. Изложив в ретроспективном порядке процесс развития внешнеполитических подходов Китая с периода учреждения КНР вплоть до сегодняшнего дня, статья предприняла попытку резюмировать существующие концептуальные подходы к теоретизации внешней политики и феномена глобального возвышения Китая, акцентируя внимание на дихотомии ревизионизма и приверженности статус-кво в отношении структуры мировой системы и разделяя существующие теоретические разработка на две категории: конвенциональное и эклектичное теоретизирование. Подчеркивается, что глобальное присутствие Китая и его подъем в контексте воздействия на структуру и принципы существующего международного порядка рассматривается в диапазоне восприятий Китая как «угроза» и как «возможность».

Anahtar Kelimeler

Внешняя Политика Китая, Исторический Континуум, Глобальное Возвышение

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