Araştırma Makalesi
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Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1771 - 1784, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.880166

Öz

Sovyet sineması daha çok propaganda amaçlı üretilen kurmaca ve belgesel filmleriyle bilinse de önemli bir animasyon ekolüne sahiptir. Sovyet animasyonları 1900’lü yılların başından itibaren ortaya çıkmaya başlamış, propaganda amaçlı üretilen animasyonların yanında halk hikâyelerine, masallara, efsanelere, eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerine, eğlenceye, mizaha, bilim kurgu ve fantastik anlatılara değinen yüzlerce animasyon da üretilmiştir. Türkçe literatürde Sovyet animasyonlarına yönelik çok az çalışma olmasından dolayı alana katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışma oluşturulmuş, ağırlıklı olarak Rusça ve İngilizce kaynaklar derlenmiş, içerikler incelenmiş, bu kaynaklar üzerinden Sovyet animasyonlarına genel bir bakış oluşturularak betimleyici bir analiz yapılmıştır. Sovyetlerin sinemayla ilişkisinin ve bağının anlatıldığı ilk kısmın ardından Sovyet animasyonlarının 1900’lerin başındaki ilk örneklerinden Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılışına kadarki döneme kadar olan filmler incelenmiştir. Makalenin amaçlarından biri de bu alanda çalışmak isteyen akademisyenleri teşvik ederek onlara yardımcı olacak genel bir tarihsel anlatı sunmak ve yardımcı bir literatür özeti oluşturmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abisel, N. (2003). Sessiz sinema. İstanbul: Om Yayınları.
  • Alimova, S. (1997). Kinoteatr moyego detstva. Iskusstvo Kino, 8.
  • Amidi, A. (2006). Cartoon modern: style and design in fifties animation. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
  • Animator.ru. Baza dannykh animatsii. http://www.animator.ru/db/?p=films&year=1912.
  • Balina, M. & Beumers, B. (2015). To catch up and overtake Disney?: Soviet and Post-Soviet fairy-tale films. Zipes, J.; Greenhill, P. & Magnus-Johnston, K. (Ed.). Fairy-tale films beyond Disney. New York: Routledge.
  • Bendazzi, G. (2015). Animation: a world history: volume II: the birth of a style - the three markets. Routledge.
  • Bendazzi, G. (1995). Cartoons: one hundred years of cinema animation. Indiana University Press.
  • Bocharov, V. (Producer). (2004). A belated premiere, Rusya: Gosfilmfond Rossiyskoy Federatsii.
  • Borodin, G. (2006). Soyuzmul'tfil'm: nenapisannaya istoriya. Kinovedcheskiye Zapiski, 80. http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/866.
  • Cavalier, S. (2011). The world history of animation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Cavendish, P. (2019). The political imperative of color: Stalin, Disney, and the Soviet pursuit of color film, 1931–45. The Russian Review, 78, 569-594.
  • Drew, W. M. (1986). D. W. Griffith’s Intolerance: Its genesis and its vision. London: McFarland.
  • Eisenstein, S. M. (1982). Film essays and a lecture, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Fadina, N. (2016). Fairytale women: gender politics in Soviet and Post-Soviet animated adaptations of Russian national fairytales (Doctor of philosophy). University of Bedfordshire: Research School for Media, Arts and Performance.
  • Faraday, G. (2000). Revolt of the filmmakers: the struggle for artistic autonomy and the fall of the Soviet film industry. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Georgievna, C. M. (2013). Metody, sposoby i priyemy sovetskoy propagandy v 1920−30-ye Gg. Xx V. Teoriya I Praktika Obshchestvennogo Razvitiya, 4, 181-183.
  • Ivanov-Vano, I. (2006). Ekler - za i protiv: Stenogramma doklada Primeneniye eklernogo metoda v proizvodstve risovannykh fil'mov. Kinovedcheskiye Zapiski, 80. http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/868.
  • Ivanov-Vano, I. (1950). Risovannyy fil'm. Moskva: Goskinoizdat.
  • İnceoğlu, Ç. (2013). Sovyet propaganda animasyonlarında Batı ve Batılı imgesi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 19, 23-40.
  • Johnson, V. (1996). Russia after the Thaw. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Karaganov, A. S. (2009). Edebiyat ve sinemada yaşayan Lenin. (İ. Yerguz, Çeviri). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Kenez, P. (1996). Soviet film under Stalin. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Khitruk, F. (1997). Kinoteatr moyego detstva. Iskusstvo Kino, 8.
  • Kleinhans, C. (1998). Marxism and film. Hill, J. & Church-Gibson, P. (Ed.), The Oxford guide to film studies, içinde (s. 106-113). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Leving, Y. (2008). “Kto-to tam vse-taki yest…”: Vinni-Pukh i novaya animatsionnaya estetika. Kukulin, I.; Lipovetsky, M. & Mayofis, M. (Ed.). Vesolyye chelovechki: Kul'turnyye geroi sovetskogo detstva. Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye.
  • Lozhkov, D. V. (2013). Rol' propagandy v Sovetskom Soyuze po probleme formirovaniya obshchestvennogo mneniya po voprosam sovetsko-amerikanskikh otnosheniy v 1970-ye gody. Gosudarstvennoye Upravleniye Elektronnyy Vestnik, 38, 189-200.
  • Moritz, W. (1996). Ladislas Starewitch. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Nevezhin, V. A. (2007). “Yesli zavtra v pokhod…”: podgotovka k voyne i ideologicheskaya propaganda v 30-kh – 40-kh godakh. Moskva: Yauza Eksmo.
  • Nowell-Smith, G. (1996). Socialism, fascism, and democracy. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Nussinova, N. (1996). The Soviet Union and the Russian emigres. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Paletz, G. M. (2001). Socialist realism. Pearson, R. E. & Simpson, P. (Ed.), Critical dictionary of film and television theory. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Palumbo, J. (2018, September 24). How Cheburashka, the 'Soviet Mickey Mouse', achieved international fame. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/cheburashka-soviet-mickey-mouse/index.html.
  • Pikkov, Ü. (2016). On the topics and style of Soviet animated films. Baltic Screen Media Review, 4, 16-37.
  • Polyakov, Y. A. (1967). Istoriya SSSR s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”.
  • Reeves, N. (1999). The power of film propaganda: myth or reality?. London, New York: Continuum.
  • Romashova, M. V. (2011). Ot istorii animatsii k istorii detstva v Sssr: postanovka problemy. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta: Istoriya, 3, 114-119.
  • Rotha, P. (1930). The film till now a survey of the cinema. London: Jonathan Cape Thirty Bedford Square.
  • Russell, M. (2009). Soviet montage cinema as propaganda and politic rhetoric (Doctor of philosophy). The University of Edinburgh.
  • Ryabov, O. V. (2018). Kak khorosho, chto nayavu YA Ne V Amerike zhivu!: obraz Ssha v gendernom diskurse Sovetskoy mul'tiplikatsii (1946—1963). Zhenshchina V Rossiyskom Obshchestve, 2, 89-103.
  • Sawicki, M. (2010). Animating with stop motion pro. Oxon: Taylor & Francis.
  • Taylor, R. (1998). Film propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. New York: I. B. Tauris.
  • Taylor, R. (1979). The politics of Soviet cinema 1917-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Trotsky, L. (1986). Problems of everyday life. New York: Monad Press.
  • Tsentral'nyy Komitet. (1949, March 1). Plan meropriyatiya po usileniyu antiamerikanskoy propagandy na blizhaysheye vremya. https://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/69577.
  • Vincenti, G. (1993). Sinemanın yüz yılı. (E. Ayça, Çeviri). İstanbul: Evrensel Kültür Kitaplığı.
  • Yuriyu Norshteynu dali yaponskiy orden. (2004, November 3). BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/entertainment/newsid_3977000/3977625.stm.

An Overview of Soviet Animation History

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1771 - 1784, 30.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.880166

Öz

Although Soviet cinema is principally recognized for fiction and documentary films produced for propaganda goals, it has a significant animation ecole. Soviet animated films started to emerge from the beginning 1900s; in addition to the animations produced for propaganda plans, hundreds of animations, including folk tales, fairy tales, myths, educational activities, entertainment, humor, science fiction, and fantastic narratives, were also created. Since there is very few research on Soviet animations in Turkish literature, this study was designed to contribute to the field. Mainly Russian and English sources were compiled, the contents were examined, and a descriptive analysis was made by building an overview of Soviet animations through these references. After the first part of the relationship and connection of the Soviets with cinema, films from the earliest instances of Soviet animations in the early 1900s to the destruction of the Soviet Union were analyzed. One of the article's objects is to present a comprehensive historical narrative to support academics wishing to work in this field and found a helpful literature summary.

Kaynakça

  • Abisel, N. (2003). Sessiz sinema. İstanbul: Om Yayınları.
  • Alimova, S. (1997). Kinoteatr moyego detstva. Iskusstvo Kino, 8.
  • Amidi, A. (2006). Cartoon modern: style and design in fifties animation. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
  • Animator.ru. Baza dannykh animatsii. http://www.animator.ru/db/?p=films&year=1912.
  • Balina, M. & Beumers, B. (2015). To catch up and overtake Disney?: Soviet and Post-Soviet fairy-tale films. Zipes, J.; Greenhill, P. & Magnus-Johnston, K. (Ed.). Fairy-tale films beyond Disney. New York: Routledge.
  • Bendazzi, G. (2015). Animation: a world history: volume II: the birth of a style - the three markets. Routledge.
  • Bendazzi, G. (1995). Cartoons: one hundred years of cinema animation. Indiana University Press.
  • Bocharov, V. (Producer). (2004). A belated premiere, Rusya: Gosfilmfond Rossiyskoy Federatsii.
  • Borodin, G. (2006). Soyuzmul'tfil'm: nenapisannaya istoriya. Kinovedcheskiye Zapiski, 80. http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/866.
  • Cavalier, S. (2011). The world history of animation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Cavendish, P. (2019). The political imperative of color: Stalin, Disney, and the Soviet pursuit of color film, 1931–45. The Russian Review, 78, 569-594.
  • Drew, W. M. (1986). D. W. Griffith’s Intolerance: Its genesis and its vision. London: McFarland.
  • Eisenstein, S. M. (1982). Film essays and a lecture, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Fadina, N. (2016). Fairytale women: gender politics in Soviet and Post-Soviet animated adaptations of Russian national fairytales (Doctor of philosophy). University of Bedfordshire: Research School for Media, Arts and Performance.
  • Faraday, G. (2000). Revolt of the filmmakers: the struggle for artistic autonomy and the fall of the Soviet film industry. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Georgievna, C. M. (2013). Metody, sposoby i priyemy sovetskoy propagandy v 1920−30-ye Gg. Xx V. Teoriya I Praktika Obshchestvennogo Razvitiya, 4, 181-183.
  • Ivanov-Vano, I. (2006). Ekler - za i protiv: Stenogramma doklada Primeneniye eklernogo metoda v proizvodstve risovannykh fil'mov. Kinovedcheskiye Zapiski, 80. http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/868.
  • Ivanov-Vano, I. (1950). Risovannyy fil'm. Moskva: Goskinoizdat.
  • İnceoğlu, Ç. (2013). Sovyet propaganda animasyonlarında Batı ve Batılı imgesi. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 19, 23-40.
  • Johnson, V. (1996). Russia after the Thaw. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Karaganov, A. S. (2009). Edebiyat ve sinemada yaşayan Lenin. (İ. Yerguz, Çeviri). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Kenez, P. (1996). Soviet film under Stalin. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Khitruk, F. (1997). Kinoteatr moyego detstva. Iskusstvo Kino, 8.
  • Kleinhans, C. (1998). Marxism and film. Hill, J. & Church-Gibson, P. (Ed.), The Oxford guide to film studies, içinde (s. 106-113). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Leving, Y. (2008). “Kto-to tam vse-taki yest…”: Vinni-Pukh i novaya animatsionnaya estetika. Kukulin, I.; Lipovetsky, M. & Mayofis, M. (Ed.). Vesolyye chelovechki: Kul'turnyye geroi sovetskogo detstva. Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye.
  • Lozhkov, D. V. (2013). Rol' propagandy v Sovetskom Soyuze po probleme formirovaniya obshchestvennogo mneniya po voprosam sovetsko-amerikanskikh otnosheniy v 1970-ye gody. Gosudarstvennoye Upravleniye Elektronnyy Vestnik, 38, 189-200.
  • Moritz, W. (1996). Ladislas Starewitch. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Nevezhin, V. A. (2007). “Yesli zavtra v pokhod…”: podgotovka k voyne i ideologicheskaya propaganda v 30-kh – 40-kh godakh. Moskva: Yauza Eksmo.
  • Nowell-Smith, G. (1996). Socialism, fascism, and democracy. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Nussinova, N. (1996). The Soviet Union and the Russian emigres. Nowell-Smith, G. (Ed.), The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press.
  • Paletz, G. M. (2001). Socialist realism. Pearson, R. E. & Simpson, P. (Ed.), Critical dictionary of film and television theory. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Palumbo, J. (2018, September 24). How Cheburashka, the 'Soviet Mickey Mouse', achieved international fame. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/cheburashka-soviet-mickey-mouse/index.html.
  • Pikkov, Ü. (2016). On the topics and style of Soviet animated films. Baltic Screen Media Review, 4, 16-37.
  • Polyakov, Y. A. (1967). Istoriya SSSR s drevneyshikh vremen do nashikh dney. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo “Nauka”.
  • Reeves, N. (1999). The power of film propaganda: myth or reality?. London, New York: Continuum.
  • Romashova, M. V. (2011). Ot istorii animatsii k istorii detstva v Sssr: postanovka problemy. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta: Istoriya, 3, 114-119.
  • Rotha, P. (1930). The film till now a survey of the cinema. London: Jonathan Cape Thirty Bedford Square.
  • Russell, M. (2009). Soviet montage cinema as propaganda and politic rhetoric (Doctor of philosophy). The University of Edinburgh.
  • Ryabov, O. V. (2018). Kak khorosho, chto nayavu YA Ne V Amerike zhivu!: obraz Ssha v gendernom diskurse Sovetskoy mul'tiplikatsii (1946—1963). Zhenshchina V Rossiyskom Obshchestve, 2, 89-103.
  • Sawicki, M. (2010). Animating with stop motion pro. Oxon: Taylor & Francis.
  • Taylor, R. (1998). Film propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. New York: I. B. Tauris.
  • Taylor, R. (1979). The politics of Soviet cinema 1917-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Trotsky, L. (1986). Problems of everyday life. New York: Monad Press.
  • Tsentral'nyy Komitet. (1949, March 1). Plan meropriyatiya po usileniyu antiamerikanskoy propagandy na blizhaysheye vremya. https://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/fond/issues-doc/69577.
  • Vincenti, G. (1993). Sinemanın yüz yılı. (E. Ayça, Çeviri). İstanbul: Evrensel Kültür Kitaplığı.
  • Yuriyu Norshteynu dali yaponskiy orden. (2004, November 3). BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/entertainment/newsid_3977000/3977625.stm.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Koray Sevindi 0000-0003-0264-5390

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sevindi, K. (2021). Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(3), 1771-1784. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.880166
AMA Sevindi K. Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış. MJSS. Temmuz 2021;10(3):1771-1784. doi:10.33206/mjss.880166
Chicago Sevindi, Koray. “Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2021): 1771-84. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.880166.
EndNote Sevindi K (01 Temmuz 2021) Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10 3 1771–1784.
IEEE K. Sevindi, “Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış”, MJSS, c. 10, sy. 3, ss. 1771–1784, 2021, doi: 10.33206/mjss.880166.
ISNAD Sevindi, Koray. “Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 10/3 (Temmuz 2021), 1771-1784. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.880166.
JAMA Sevindi K. Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış. MJSS. 2021;10:1771–1784.
MLA Sevindi, Koray. “Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 1771-84, doi:10.33206/mjss.880166.
Vancouver Sevindi K. Sovyet Animasyon Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış. MJSS. 2021;10(3):1771-84.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies (MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)     


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