Havayolu İşletmelerinde İki Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Etkinlik Ölçümü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 2373 - 2385, 20.10.2021

Veysi Asker

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.795885

Cited By: 7

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinde faaliyet gösteren ve farklı iş modelini uygulayan havayolu işletmelerinin operasyonel ve finansal açıdan etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda geleneksel iş modelini uygulayan 19 ve düşük maliyetli iş modelini uygulayan 17 havayolu işletmesinin 2013-2018 dönemine ait etkinlik ölçümü iki aşamalı veri zarflama analizi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, operasyonel açıdan geleneksel iş modelini uygulayan havayolu işletmelerinin daha etkin olduğu, finansal açıdan ise düşük maliyetli iş modelini uygulayan havayolu işletmelerinin daha etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte her iki grup açısından da operasyonel etkinlik değerlerinin finansal etkinlik değerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Operasyonel açıdan etkinlik ölçümü sonucunda geleneksel havayolu işletmeleri içerisinde 5 havayolu işletmesinin, düşük maliyetli havayolu işletmeleri içerisinde ise 4 havayolu işletmesinin tüm dönem boyunca etkin çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Finansal açıdan ise tüm dönem boyunca etkin olan hiçbir işletmeye rastlanmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etkinlik, Verimlilik, İki Aşamalı Veri Zarflama Analizi, Düşük Maliyetli Havayolu İşletmeleri, Geleneksel Havayolu İşletmeleri

Measurement of Efficiency with Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis in Airline Companies

Öz

The purpose of this study is to compare the operational and financial efficiency of airline companies operating in various parts of the world and applying different business models. Accordingly, the efficiency measurement of 19 airline companies applying the traditional business model and 17 airline companies implementing the low-cost business model for the 2013-2018 period was performed with a two-stage data envelopment analysis technique. As a result of the research, it has been determined that airline companies applying the traditional business model are more efficient in terms of operation, and that airline companies applying the low-cost business model are more effective financially. However, it was observed that the operational efficiency values for both groups were higher than the financial efficiency values. As a result of the operational efficiency measurement, it was determined that 5 airline companies among traditional airline companies and 4 airline companies among low-cost airline companies were effective throughout the entire period. In financial terms, no companies were encountered that was active during the entire period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Efficiency, Productivity, Two-Step Data Envelopment Analysis, Low Cost Airline Companies, Traditional Airline Companies

Kaynakça

• Akan, Y. ve Çalmaşur, G. (2011). Etkinliğin hesaplanmasında veri zarflama analizi ve stokastik sınır yaklaşımı yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Atatürk Üniveristesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(0), 13-32. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/30431
• Alam, I. S. ve Sıckles, R. C. (1998). The relationship between stock market returns and technical efficiency ınnovations: Evidence from the US airline ındustry. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 9(1), 35-51. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1018368313411.pdf.
• Barbot, C., Costa, A. ve Sochirca, E. (2008). Airlines performance in the new market context: A comparative productivity. Journal of Air Transport Management, 14(5), 270-274. doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.05.003
• Başkaya, Z. ve Avcı Öztürk, B. (2012). Measuring financial efficiency of cement firms listed in istanbul stock exchance via fuzzy data enveleopment analysis. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 54(2), 175- 188. Erişim adresi: http://journal.mufad.org.tr/attachments/article/651/10.pdf
• Bhadra, D. (2009). Race to the bottom or swimming upstream: Performance analysis of US airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(5), 227-235. doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.09.014
• Chang, Y.-T., Park, H.-s., Jeong, J.-b. ve Lee, J.-w. (2014). Evaluating economic and environmental efficiency of global airlines: A SBM-DEA approach. Transportation Research Part D, 27(1), 46-50. doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.013
• Charnes , A., Cooper, W. W. ve Rhodes, E. L. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
• Chen , Y. ve Ali, A. I. (2002). Continuous optimization output–input ratio analysis and dea frontier. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(3), 476-479. doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00318-6
• Chiou, Y. C. ve Chen, Y. H. (2006). Route-based performance evaluation of Taiwanese domestic airlines using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 42(2), 116-127. doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2007.01.004
• Cook, W. D., Kress, M. ve Seiford, L. (1996). Data Envelopment Analysis in the Presence of both Quantitative and Qualitative Factors. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 47(7), 945-953. DOI: 10.2307/3010140
• Cooper, W. W., Seiford, L. M. ve Zhu, J. (2011). Handbook on data envelopment analysis history, models and ınterpretations. International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, 164(1), 1-39. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6151-8
• Elsayed, A. ve Khalil, N. S. (2017). Evaluate and analysis efficiency of safaga port using DEA-CCR, BCC and SBM models–comparison with DP world sokhna. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 245(4), 1-11. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/4/042033
• Fethi, M. D., Jackson, P. M. ve Weyman-Jones, T. G. (2000). Measuring the efficiency of European airlines: an application of DEA and Tobit Analysis. Leicester: Efficiency and Productivity Research Unit, University of Leicester. http://www.le.ac.uk/ulsm/research/epru/dispaper.html
• Good, D. H., Röller, L.-H. ve Sickles, R. C. (1995). Airline efficiency differences between Europe and the US: Implications for the pace of EC integration and domestic regulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 80(3), 508-518. doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(94)00134-X
• Gramani, M. C. (2012). Efficiency decomposition approach: A cross-country airline analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(5), 5815-5819. doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.11.086
• Greer, M. (2006). Are The Discount Airlines Actually More Efficient Than The Legacy Carriers? A Data Envelopment Analysis. International Journal of Transport Economics, 33(1), 37-55. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42747777.pdf
• Greer, M. (2008). Nothing focuses the mind on productivity quite like the fear of liquidation: Changes in airline productivity in the United States, 2000–2004. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(2), 414-426. doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2007.11.001
• Karsak, E. ve İşcan, F. (2000). Çimento sektöründe göreli faaliyet performanslarının ağırlık kısıtlamaları ve çapraz etkinlik kullanılarak veri zarflama analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Endüstri Mühendisliği Dergisi, 11(3), 2-10. Erişim adresi: docplayer.biz.tr/18931696-Cimento-sektorunde-g0reli-faaliyet-performanslarinin-agirlik-kisitlamalari-ve-capraz-etkinlik-kullanilarak-veri-zarflama-analizi-ile- degerlendirilmesi.html.
• Kiracı, K., & Asker, V. (2019). Etkinlik ve etkinliği belirleyen faktörler: havayolu şirketleri üzerine ampirik bir inceleme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 14(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.408862
• Lang, P., Yolalan, R. ve Kettani, O. (1995). Controlled envelopment by face extension. Journal of the Operational Research Society,, 46(4), 473-491. doi.org/10.1057/jors.1995.66
• Lee, B. ve Worthington, A. (2014). Technical efficiency of mainstream airlines and low-cost carriers: New evidence using bootstrap data envelopment analysis truncated regression. Journal of Air Transport Management, 38(3), 15-20. doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.12.013
• Lin, Y.-H. L. ve Hong, C.-F. (2019). Efficiency and effectiveness of airline companies in Taiwan and Mainland China. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 1-10. doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2019.04.002
• Lorcu, F. (2008). Veri zarflama analizi (dea) ile türkiye ve avrupa birliği ülkelerinin sağlık alanındaki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi (Dokotra Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Lu, W.-M., Wang, W.-K., Hung, S.-W. ve Lu, E.-T. (2012). The effects of corporate governance on airline performance: Production and marketing efficiency perspectives. Transportation Research Part E, 48(2), 529-544. doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2011.09.003
• Omrani, H. ve Soltanzadeh, E. (2016). Dynamic DEA models with network structure: An application for Iranian airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 57(4), 52-61. doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.07.014
• Pourjavad, E. ve Shirouyehzad, H. (2014). A data envelopment analysis approach for measuring the efficiency in continuous manufacturing lines: a case study. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 18(2), 142-158. Doı: 10.1504/IJSOM.2014.061998
• Ramanathan, R. (2003). An introduction to data envelopment analysis a tool for performance measurement. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
• Saranga, Haritha; Nagpal, Rajiv (2016), Drivers of Operational Efficiency and its Impact on Market Performance in The Indian Airline Industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53(4), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.001
• Schefczyk, M. (1993). Operational Performance of Airlines: An extension of Traditional Measurment Paradigms. Strategic Management Journal, 14(4), 301-317. doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140406
• Scheraga, C. A. (2004). Operational efficiency versus financial mobility in the global airline industry: a data envelopment and Tobit analysis. Transportation Research Part A, 38(5), 383-404. doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2003.12.003
• Wang, W.-K., Lu, W.-M. ve Tsai, C.-J. (2011). The relationship between airline performance and corporate governance amongst US Listed companies. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(2), 148- 152. doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.06.005
• Weng, S. J., Wu, T., Blackhurst, J. ve Mackulak, G. (2009). An extended DEA model for hospital performance evaluation and improvement. Health Service Outcomes Research Method, 39(1), 39-53. Doı: 10.1007/s10742-008-0042
• Yolalan , R. (1993). İşletmelerarası Göreli Etkinlik Ölçümü. Ankara: Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi Yayınları.
• Yu, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, A., Wang, K. ve Cui, Q. (2019). A comparative study of airline efficiency in China and India: A dynamic network DEA approach. Research in Transportation Economics, 76(4), 1-12. doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100746
• Yu, M.-M., Chen, L.-H. ve Chiang, H. (2017). The effects of alliances and size on airlines dynamic operational performance. Transportation Research Part A, 106(5), 197-214. doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.015
• Zhu, J. (2011). Airlines Performance via Two-Stage Network DEA Approach. Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra, 4(2), 260-269. Erişim adresi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1931862