The US-led “War on Terror” in Afghanistan: 2001-2021

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 172 - 185, 31.12.2021

Zuhal Karakoç Dora

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1003949

Öz

 During Cold War era, the US supported the armed groups in Afghanistan in terms of training and ammunition against the Soviet Union by fuelling Islamic jihadism. After failed invasion of Soviet Union, the US withdrew completely leaving the armed groups from the region and it created a threat to the whole world. The US became one of the biggest targets and victims of its own policy with 9/11 attacks, Afghanistan was one of the countries the US occupied in order to fight against terrorist organizations and to bring democracy to countries that feed and support terrorism within the framework of the Bush Doctrine. The US did not carry out this invasion alone and for the first time in its history, NATO took action within the scope of Article 5 and engaged in a collective intervention. The point reached at the end of the 20-year invasion, where humanitarian loss and economic costs are too heavy to be overcome, the US, who sat at the table with the Taliban, quickly retreated from the region by leaving everything else -once again- just as how it was while disappointing its NATO allies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afghanistan, the US, Russia, Taliban, Terror

ABD Öncülüğünde Afganistan’da Yürütülen “Teröre Karşı Savaş”: 2001-2021

Öz

 Soğuk Savaş döneminde ABD, Afganistan’ı işgal eden Sovyetler Birliği’ne karşı İslami cihatçılığı körüklemek suretiyle bölgedeki silahlı grupları eğitim ve mühimmat bakımından desteklemişti. Sovyet işgalinin başarısız bir şekilde sona ermesini müteakip ABD, desteklemiş olduğu silahlı grupları öylece kendi haline bırakmak suretiyle bölgeden çekilmiş ve bu durum zamanla tüm dünya için tehdit oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Nitekim 11 Eylül saldırıları ile birlikte ABD kendi politikasının en büyük hedeflerinden ve mağdurlarından biri haline gelmiş ve Afganistan, 11 Eylül saldırılarının akabinde Bush Doktrini çerçevesinde terör örgütleriyle mücadele etmek ve terörizmi besleyip destekleyen ülkelere demokrasi götürmek üzere ABD’nin işgal ettiği ülkelerden biri olmuştur. Bu işgali ABD tek başına yürütmemiş, NATO, tarihinde ilk kez 5. Madde kapsamında harekete geçerek toplu bir müdahaleye girişilmiştir. İnsani kayıp ve ekonomik maliyeti altından kalkılamayacak kadar ağır olan 20 yıllık işgalin sonunda gelinen nokta ise Taliban ile masaya oturan ABD’nin bir anda her şeyi -bir kez daha- öylece bırakarak ve NATO müttefiklerini hayal kırıklığına uğratarak bölgeden hızlıca geri çekilmesi oldu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afganistan, ABD, Rusya, Taliban, Terör

Kaynakça

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