Impacts of the Pandemic on Tourism Education from a Distance Education Perspective
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 98 - 112, 31.01.2022
Merve Işkın
,
Ümit Şengel
,
Koray Genç
,
İsmail Uzut
Öz
This study aimed to examine the distance education model in Turkey from the perspective of tourism education, which heavily includes applied courses, and to test its functionality in this way. Qualitative research methods were used in the study. The interview method was used to collect data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis using the MAXQDA software. In addition, SWOT analysis of the distance education model in Turkey has been made using the obtained data. According to our findings, the strongest aspect of the distance education model is that it makes education sustainable. Moreover, it is emphasized that the model includes many opportunities to provide the necessary information and infrastructure for similar crises in the future. Besides these positive aspects, we also identified some negative consequences of the distance education model, including threats such as reducing students’ sense of responsibility and weaknesses such as the inability to carry out the applied courses in the field of tourism.
Kaynakça
- Augestad, K. M., Butt, K., Ignjatovic, D., Keller, D. S., & Kiran, R. (2019). Video-based coaching in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgical endoscopy, 239, 233-241.
- Azzopardi, E., & Nash, R. (2016). A framework for island destination competitiveness – perspectives from the island of Malta. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(3), 253-281.
- Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro
Surveillance, 25(5), 2000062.
- Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştirmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231-
274.
- Basilaia, G., Dgebuadze, M., Kantaria, M., & Chokhonelidze, G. (2020). Replacing the classic learning form at universities as an immediate response to the COVID-19 virus infection in
Georgia. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 8(3), 101-108.
- Butcher, J. (2020). Public-private virtual-school partnerships and federal flexibility for schools during COVID-19. Mercatus Center Research Paper Series, George Mason University
Special Edition: Policy Brief (2020).
- Cárdenas-García, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2015). Does tourism growth influence economic development?. Journal of Travel Research, 54(2), 206-221.
- Carey, K. (2020). Everybody ready for the big migration to online college? Actually, no. The New York Times, Retrieved March 13, 2020 from
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/upshot/coronavirus-online-college-classes-unprepared.html
- Chang, D., Lin, M., Wei, L., Xie, L., Zhu, G., Cruz, C. S. D., & Sharma, L. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan,
China. Jama, 323(11), 1092-1093.
- Chehayeb, A. (2015), New in classroom: Saving time while grading, Google Cloud official blog. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://cloud.googleblog.com/2015/12/new-in-Classroom-
saving-time-while-grading.htm
- Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X. & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of
2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
- Chick, R. C., Clifton, G. T., Peace, K. M., Propper, B. W., Hale, D. F., Alseidi, A. A., & Vreeland, T. J. (2020). Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19
pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education, (Article in Press).
- Chu, D. K. W., Pan, Y., Cheng, S. M. S., Hui, K. P. Y., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D. Y. M., Wan, C. K. C., Yang, P., Wang, Q., Peiris, M. & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinical chemistry, 66(4), 549-555.
- Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K……………., & Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill,
25(3), 2000045.
- Crawford, J., Butler, K., Rudolph, J., Glowatz, M., Malkawi, B., Burton, R., Magni, P ve Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses.
Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 1-20.
- Datahaus, K. (2020). Slow internet? How COVID-19 is stressing internet infrastructure in your country. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://medium.com/@kasprdata/slow-internet-
how-covid-19-is-stressing-internet-infrastructure-in-your-country-f94ee6e3b156
- Deal, S. B., & Alseidi, A. A. (2017). Concerns of quality and safety in public domain surgical education videos: an assessment of the critical view of safety in frequently used
laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 225(6), 725-730.
- Gong, R. (2020). Coping with Covid-19: Distance Learning and the Digital Divide. KRI VIEWS, 21(20), 1-4
- Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135.
- Guo, B., & Li, H. (2020). Guidance strategies for online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic: a case study of the teaching practice of Xinhui Shangya school in Guangdong, China.
Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 547-551.
- Haddouche, H. ve Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 69-79.
- Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J…….., & Pillai, S. K. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10),
929-936.
- Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2020). Coronavirus pushes universities to switch to online classes–but are they ready. The Conversation. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from
https://theconversation.com/coronaviruspushes-universities-to-switch-to-online-classes-but-arethey-ready-132728
- Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J……., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 497-506.
- Issa, N. (2020). CPS to buy new computers for students to use at home, ramp up e-Learning during Coronavirus shutdown.” Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from
https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/3/25/21194851/cps-computers-digital-divide-public-schools-coronavirus-shutdown
- Jayakumar, N., Brunckhorst, O., Dasgupta, P., Khan, M. S., & Ahmed, K. (2015). e-Learning in surgical education: a systematic review. Journal of Surgical Education, 72(6), 1145-1157.
- Jones, V., Jo, J., & Martin, P. (2007, February). Future schools and how technology can be used to support millennial and Generation-Z students. (ICUT 2007), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous
Information Technology, (pp. 886-891), Proceeding Books.
- Jose Sa, M. & Serpa, S. (2020). The global crisis brought about by SARS-CoV-2 and its impacts on education: An overview of the Portuguese panorama. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 525-
530.
- Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. New York: Springer International Publishing.
- Kumar, G. S., Angel, T. S. S., Gangwar, A., & Saksena, K. P. M. (2019). Recommendation system for E-learning platforms, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering, 8(8), 1956-1960.
- Lam, T. T. Y., Shum, M. H. H., Zhu, H. C., Tong, Y. G., Ni, X. B., Liao, Y. S., Wei, W., Cheung, W. Y-M., Li, W-J., Li, L-F., Leung, G. M., Holmes, E. C., Hu, Y-L. & Guan, Y. (2020). Identification of 2019-
nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.945485.
- Li, C. M. (2019). How does e-book bag pro-mote learning? Video analysis based on classroom recordings. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 3(1), 135-154.
- Lin, W., Chen, Y., Shi, S., Liang, J., Huang, H., Li, L., Cai, L., Zong, L., Wang, N., Wen, J., & Chen, G. (2020). Thoughts on Higher Medical Education Under Major Public Health Emergencies:
Thinking Ahead After COVID-19 Outbreak. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20053918.
- MCMC (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission). (2020). 3Q 2019 Communications and Multimedia Facts & Figures. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia
Commission. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/3Q_CM_2019.pdf.
- Menachery, V. D., Dinnon, K. H., Yount, B. L., McAnarney, E. T., Gralinski, L. E., Hale, A., Graham, R. L., Scobey, T., Anthony, S. J., Wang, L., Graham, B., Randell, S. H., Lipkin, W. I., & Baric, R. S.
(2020). Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. Journal of Virology, 94(5), 1-15.
- Mirzakhani, M., Ashrafzadeh, H., & Ashrafzadeh, A. (2010, October). The virtual university: Advantages and disadvantages. (October 2010), 4th International Conference on Distance
Learning and Education (pp. 32-36). IEEE, Proceeding Books.
- Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D., & de Wit, E. (2020). A novel coronavirus emerging in China—key questions for impact assessment. New England Journal of
Medicine, 382(8), 692-694.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3(1), 344-347.
- Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(8), 707-708.
- Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. The New England Journal of Medicine, 38(8), 760-762
- Rodriguez, H. A., Young, M. T., Jackson, H. T., Oelschlager, B. K., & Wright, A. S. (2018). Viewer discretion advised: is YouTube a friend or foe in surgical education?. Surgical Endoscopy,
32(4), 1724-1728.
- Sadeghi, M. (2019). A shift from classroom to distance learning: Advantages and limitations. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 80-88.
- Semenikhina, O. V., Drushlyak, M. G., Bondarenko, Y. A., Kondratiuk, S. M. & Ionova, I. M. (2019). Open educational resources as a trend of modern education. 42nd International
Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO 2019), (pp. 899-902), Proceeding Books.
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104.
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
- Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel Coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
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Uzaktan Eğitim Perspektifinden Pandeminin Turizm Eğitimine Etkileri
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 98 - 112, 31.01.2022
Merve Işkın
,
Ümit Şengel
,
Koray Genç
,
İsmail Uzut
Öz
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki uzaktan eğitim modelini, ağırlıklı olarak uygulamalı dersler içeren turizm eğitimi açısından incelemeyi ve bu şekilde modelin işlevselliğini test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Veri toplamak için mülakat yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Ayrıca elde edilen veriler kullanılarak COVID-19 döneminde uygulanana Türkiye'deki uzaktan eğitim modelinin SWOT analizi yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, uzaktan eğitim modelinin en güçlü yanı, eğitimi sürdürülebilir kılmasıdır. Ayrıca modelin ileride yaşanabilecek benzer krizler için gerekli bilgi ve altyapıyı sağlamaya yönelik pek çok fırsat içerdiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu olumlu yönlerinin yanı sıra, öğrencilerde sorumluluk duygusunun azaltılması gibi tehditler ve turizm alanında uygulamalı derslerin gerçekleştirilememesi gibi zayıflıklar da dahil olmak üzere uzaktan eğitim modelinin bazı olumsuz sonuçları da belirlenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Augestad, K. M., Butt, K., Ignjatovic, D., Keller, D. S., & Kiran, R. (2019). Video-based coaching in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgical endoscopy, 239, 233-241.
- Azzopardi, E., & Nash, R. (2016). A framework for island destination competitiveness – perspectives from the island of Malta. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(3), 253-281.
- Backer, J. A., Klinkenberg, D., & Wallinga, J. (2020). Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travelers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020. Euro
Surveillance, 25(5), 2000062.
- Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştirmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 231-
274.
- Basilaia, G., Dgebuadze, M., Kantaria, M., & Chokhonelidze, G. (2020). Replacing the classic learning form at universities as an immediate response to the COVID-19 virus infection in
Georgia. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 8(3), 101-108.
- Butcher, J. (2020). Public-private virtual-school partnerships and federal flexibility for schools during COVID-19. Mercatus Center Research Paper Series, George Mason University
Special Edition: Policy Brief (2020).
- Cárdenas-García, P. J., Sánchez-Rivero, M., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2015). Does tourism growth influence economic development?. Journal of Travel Research, 54(2), 206-221.
- Carey, K. (2020). Everybody ready for the big migration to online college? Actually, no. The New York Times, Retrieved March 13, 2020 from
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/upshot/coronavirus-online-college-classes-unprepared.html
- Chang, D., Lin, M., Wei, L., Xie, L., Zhu, G., Cruz, C. S. D., & Sharma, L. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan,
China. Jama, 323(11), 1092-1093.
- Chehayeb, A. (2015), New in classroom: Saving time while grading, Google Cloud official blog. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://cloud.googleblog.com/2015/12/new-in-Classroom-
saving-time-while-grading.htm
- Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X. & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of
2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
- Chick, R. C., Clifton, G. T., Peace, K. M., Propper, B. W., Hale, D. F., Alseidi, A. A., & Vreeland, T. J. (2020). Using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19
pandemic. Journal of Surgical Education, (Article in Press).
- Chu, D. K. W., Pan, Y., Cheng, S. M. S., Hui, K. P. Y., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D. Y. M., Wan, C. K. C., Yang, P., Wang, Q., Peiris, M. & Poon, L. L. M. (2020). Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinical chemistry, 66(4), 549-555.
- Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K……………., & Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill,
25(3), 2000045.
- Crawford, J., Butler, K., Rudolph, J., Glowatz, M., Malkawi, B., Burton, R., Magni, P ve Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses.
Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 1-20.
- Datahaus, K. (2020). Slow internet? How COVID-19 is stressing internet infrastructure in your country. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://medium.com/@kasprdata/slow-internet-
how-covid-19-is-stressing-internet-infrastructure-in-your-country-f94ee6e3b156
- Deal, S. B., & Alseidi, A. A. (2017). Concerns of quality and safety in public domain surgical education videos: an assessment of the critical view of safety in frequently used
laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 225(6), 725-730.
- Gong, R. (2020). Coping with Covid-19: Distance Learning and the Digital Divide. KRI VIEWS, 21(20), 1-4
- Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135.
- Guo, B., & Li, H. (2020). Guidance strategies for online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic: a case study of the teaching practice of Xinhui Shangya school in Guangdong, China.
Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 547-551.
- Haddouche, H. ve Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 69-79.
- Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J…….., & Pillai, S. K. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10),
929-936.
- Houlden, S., & Veletsianos, G. (2020). Coronavirus pushes universities to switch to online classes–but are they ready. The Conversation. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from
https://theconversation.com/coronaviruspushes-universities-to-switch-to-online-classes-but-arethey-ready-132728
- Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J……., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 497-506.
- Issa, N. (2020). CPS to buy new computers for students to use at home, ramp up e-Learning during Coronavirus shutdown.” Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 28, 2020 from
https://chicago.suntimes.com/coronavirus/2020/3/25/21194851/cps-computers-digital-divide-public-schools-coronavirus-shutdown
- Jayakumar, N., Brunckhorst, O., Dasgupta, P., Khan, M. S., & Ahmed, K. (2015). e-Learning in surgical education: a systematic review. Journal of Surgical Education, 72(6), 1145-1157.
- Jones, V., Jo, J., & Martin, P. (2007, February). Future schools and how technology can be used to support millennial and Generation-Z students. (ICUT 2007), 1st Int. Conf. Ubiquitous
Information Technology, (pp. 886-891), Proceeding Books.
- Jose Sa, M. & Serpa, S. (2020). The global crisis brought about by SARS-CoV-2 and its impacts on education: An overview of the Portuguese panorama. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 5(2), 525-
530.
- Kuckartz, U., & Radiker, S. (2019). Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. New York: Springer International Publishing.
- Kumar, G. S., Angel, T. S. S., Gangwar, A., & Saksena, K. P. M. (2019). Recommendation system for E-learning platforms, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering, 8(8), 1956-1960.
- Lam, T. T. Y., Shum, M. H. H., Zhu, H. C., Tong, Y. G., Ni, X. B., Liao, Y. S., Wei, W., Cheung, W. Y-M., Li, W-J., Li, L-F., Leung, G. M., Holmes, E. C., Hu, Y-L. & Guan, Y. (2020). Identification of 2019-
nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.13.945485.
- Li, C. M. (2019). How does e-book bag pro-mote learning? Video analysis based on classroom recordings. Sci Insigt Edu Front, 3(1), 135-154.
- Lin, W., Chen, Y., Shi, S., Liang, J., Huang, H., Li, L., Cai, L., Zong, L., Wang, N., Wen, J., & Chen, G. (2020). Thoughts on Higher Medical Education Under Major Public Health Emergencies:
Thinking Ahead After COVID-19 Outbreak. medRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20053918.
- MCMC (Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission). (2020). 3Q 2019 Communications and Multimedia Facts & Figures. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia
Commission. Retrieved June 01, 2020 from https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/3Q_CM_2019.pdf.
- Menachery, V. D., Dinnon, K. H., Yount, B. L., McAnarney, E. T., Gralinski, L. E., Hale, A., Graham, R. L., Scobey, T., Anthony, S. J., Wang, L., Graham, B., Randell, S. H., Lipkin, W. I., & Baric, R. S.
(2020). Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection. Journal of Virology, 94(5), 1-15.
- Mirzakhani, M., Ashrafzadeh, H., & Ashrafzadeh, A. (2010, October). The virtual university: Advantages and disadvantages. (October 2010), 4th International Conference on Distance
Learning and Education (pp. 32-36). IEEE, Proceeding Books.
- Munster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., van Riel, D., & de Wit, E. (2020). A novel coronavirus emerging in China—key questions for impact assessment. New England Journal of
Medicine, 382(8), 692-694.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3(1), 344-347.
- Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., & Fauci, A. S. (2020). Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(8), 707-708.
- Perlman, S. (2020). Another decade, another coronavirus. The New England Journal of Medicine, 38(8), 760-762
- Rodriguez, H. A., Young, M. T., Jackson, H. T., Oelschlager, B. K., & Wright, A. S. (2018). Viewer discretion advised: is YouTube a friend or foe in surgical education?. Surgical Endoscopy,
32(4), 1724-1728.
- Sadeghi, M. (2019). A shift from classroom to distance learning: Advantages and limitations. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 80-88.
- Semenikhina, O. V., Drushlyak, M. G., Bondarenko, Y. A., Kondratiuk, S. M. & Ionova, I. M. (2019). Open educational resources as a trend of modern education. 42nd International
Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO 2019), (pp. 899-902), Proceeding Books.
- Skinner, H., Sarpong, D., & White, G. (2018). Meeting the needs of the Millennials and Generation Z: gamification in tourism through geocoaching. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), 93-
104.
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
- Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel Coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
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