Araştırma Makalesi

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2025
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Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications

Öz

Aim: While intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy provides successful outcomes in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) due to its immunomodulatory effects, it can also lead to serious complications that may pose a life-threatening risk, albeit rarely. This study aimed to analyze the frequency, types, and clinical course of complications arising in patients who underwent intravesical BCG therapy in a tertiary healthcare center between 2019 and 2024. Additionally, findings that may contribute to the early recognition of these complications were examined. The obtained data are expected to aid in the effective management of BCG instillationrelated complications and enhance patient safety Material and Methods: A total of 400 patients who underwent intravesical BCG therapy were evaluated for complications using the hospital information management system. One hundred forty-six patients were excluded due to missing clinical/laboratory data or follow-ups conducted outside the center. The remaining 254 patients were assessed for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, smoking habits, Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), COVID-19 infection status, and complications related to BCG instillation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.2±9.7 years, and 225 (90%) were male. BCG-related complications were observed in 15 patients (6.0%). Primary disease relapse occurred in 87 patients (34.8%), and 30 patients (12.0%) died. The incidence of BCG-related complications was significantly higher in patients under 65 years of age compared to those aged 65 and older (12.0% vs. 2.5%; p=0.002). Patients without any comorbidities (p=0.022) and those without diabetes (p=0.005) had a statistically significant higher risk of developing BCG-related complications. Conclusion: This study highlights the challenges in managing complications associated with intravesical BCG therapy and underscores the importance of comprehensive patient monitoring to prevent adverse outcomes

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Decaestecker K, Oosterlinck W. Managing the adverse events of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. Res Rep Urol. 2015;7:157-163. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S63448
  2. 2. Brausi M, Oddens J, Sylvester R, Bono A, Van De Beek C, Van Andel G, et al. Side effects of bacillus calmette-guérin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: Results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG. Eur Urol. 2014;65(1):69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo. 2013.07.021
  3. 3. Suárez Vázquez TA, López López N, Salinas Carmona MC. MASTer cell: chief immune modulator and inductor of antimicrobial immune response. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1360296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360296
  4. 4. Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wang M, Yang Q. High systemic immune-inflammation index predicts poor prognosis and response to intravesical BCG treatment in patients with urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1229349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1229349
  5. 5. Gontero P, Birtle A, Capoun O, Compérat E, Dominguez-Escrig JL, Liedberg F, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and Carcinoma In Situ)—A Summary of the 2024 Guidelines Update. Eur Urol. 2024;86(6):531-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eururo.2024.07.027
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

14 Ağustos 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gürcüoğlu, E., Oner, S., Ekıcı, O., Benli, M. T., & Bulut, T. (2025). Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications. Medical Journal of Western Black Sea, 9(2), 222-230. https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1651962
AMA
1.Gürcüoğlu E, Oner S, Ekıcı O, Benli MT, Bulut T. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications. Med J West Black Sea. 2025;9(2):222-230. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1651962
Chicago
Gürcüoğlu, Emel, Sedat Oner, Ozgur Ekıcı, Müzeyyen Tuğçe Benli, ve Tülay Bulut. 2025. “Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications”. Medical Journal of Western Black Sea 9 (2): 222-30. https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1651962.
EndNote
Gürcüoğlu E, Oner S, Ekıcı O, Benli MT, Bulut T (01 Ağustos 2025) Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications. Medical Journal of Western Black Sea 9 2 222–230.
IEEE
[1]E. Gürcüoğlu, S. Oner, O. Ekıcı, M. T. Benli, ve T. Bulut, “Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications”, Med J West Black Sea, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 222–230, Ağu. 2025, doi: 10.29058/mjwbs.1651962.
ISNAD
Gürcüoğlu, Emel - Oner, Sedat - Ekıcı, Ozgur - Benli, Müzeyyen Tuğçe - Bulut, Tülay. “Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications”. Medical Journal of Western Black Sea 9/2 (01 Ağustos 2025): 222-230. https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1651962.
JAMA
1.Gürcüoğlu E, Oner S, Ekıcı O, Benli MT, Bulut T. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications. Med J West Black Sea. 2025;9:222–230.
MLA
Gürcüoğlu, Emel, vd. “Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications”. Medical Journal of Western Black Sea, c. 9, sy 2, Ağustos 2025, ss. 222-30, doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1651962.
Vancouver
1.Emel Gürcüoğlu, Sedat Oner, Ozgur Ekıcı, Müzeyyen Tuğçe Benli, Tülay Bulut. Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of BCG-Related Complications. Med J West Black Sea. 01 Ağustos 2025;9(2):222-30. doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1651962

Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi tarafından yayımlanan, uluslararası, hakemli ve açık erişimli bir dergidir. İlk sayısı 2017 yılında yayımlanan dergi, yılda üç kez (Nisan, Ağustos ve Aralık aylarında) yayımlanmakta olup Türkçe ve İngilizce makalelere yer verir.