Üçüncü basamak bir üniversite hastanesinde 2021-2025 tarihleri arasında saptanan viral solunum yolu etkenlerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Solunum yolu patojenlerinin neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar, yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye yol açmakta olup halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2021-2025 yılları arasında üniversite hastanemize başvuran hastalarda yaygın solunum yolu virüslerinin prevalansının ve mevsimsel dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Moleküler Laboratuvarı’na 1 Ocak 2021-1 Ocak 2025 tarihleri arasında akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonu ön tanısı olan hastalardan alınan 3131 nazal sürüntü örneği gönderilmiştir. 24 farklı patojenin saptanabildiği multipleks real time polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemi (Qiagen, Almanya) ile viral etkenlerin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 3131 örneğin 1792'sinde (%57,23) bir veya daha fazla etken tespit edilmiştir. Enfeksiyona neden olan en yaygın viral etkenler rinovirüs/enterovirüs, respiratuar sinsityal virüs A/B, SARS-CoV-2, influenza A'dır. En yaygın ikili etken ise %22 prevalans ile influenza A+influenza A (alt tip H1N1/2009) olmuştur. Mevsimsel olarak değerlendirildiğinde; sonbaharda rinovirüs/enterovirüs, kışın influenza A, sonbahar-kış aylarında ise respiratuar sinsityal virüs A/B ve SARS-CoV-2'nin daha sık enfeksiyona neden olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarında moleküler yöntemlerle viral patojenin belirlenmesi, doğru tedavi ile antibiyotiklerin gereksiz kullanımını önlemede yararlı olacaktır. Aynı zamanda enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleriyle hızlı ve doğru yönetim kararlarının alınmasına ve hastanede yatış sürelerinin kısalmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koenfeksiyon
• multipleks PZR
• solunum yolu viral panel

Evaluation of viral respiratory pathogens detected in a tertiary university hospital between 2021 and 2025

Öz

Aim: Infections caused by respiratory tract pathogens cause high morbidity and mortality and pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and seasonal distribution of common respiratory viruses in patients admitted to our university hospital between 2021 and 2025. Material and Methods: Between January 1, 2021 and January 1, 2025, 3131 nasal swab samples from patients with a preliminary diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infection were sent to the Molecular Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. 24 different pathogens were detected by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction method (Qiagen, Germany). Results: Among the 3,131 samples analyzed, one or more viral agents were detected in 1,792 cases (57.23%). The most commonly identified viral pathogens were rhinovirus/enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A/B, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza A. The most frequently observed dual infection was influenza A combined with influenza A (subtype H1N1/2009), found in 22% of the co-infected cases. Seasonal distribution analysis showed that rhinovirus/enterovirus infections were more common in autumn, influenza A in winter, and respiratory syncytial virus A/B and SARS-CoV-2 in both autumn and winter months. Conclusion: Determination of the viral pathogen by molecular methods in respiratory tract infections will be useful in preventing unnecessary use of antibiotics with correct treatment. It will also contribute to rapid and accurate management decisions with infection control measures and shorten hospitalization periods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coinfection
• multiplex PCR
• respiratory viral panel

Kaynakça

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