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“The elephant is gone”: Spinal cord stimulation for therapy‑refractory angina pectoris: A case report

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 472 - 475, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1799774

Öz

Refractory angina pectoris (RAP) represents the group that continues to experience recurrent angina attacks despite optimal treatment, lifestyle modifications, and implemented revascularization options. This condition, called RAP, results in significant deterioration in quality of life and a high healthcare burden. Previous studies have reported that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy provides significant improvement in symptoms in patients with RAP, reduces the frequency of angina attacks, reduces the need for antianginal medication, and improves quality of life. Our case demonstrates the potential benefit of spinal cord stimulation in carefully selected patients with refractory RAP. After treatment, our patient achieved sustained symptomatic relief, functional gains, and reduced nitrate dependence. This case provides a good example of an innovative and promising treatment approach for patients with RAP, whose options are limited due to the inadequacy or inapplicability of conventional treatment methods. In the future, cardiologists' adoption of SCS as a component of their treatment strategies and their application of this approach in a multidisciplinary framework together with neurosurgeons and interventional pain specialists will be a decisive factor in SCS gaining a strong place in RAP treatment guidelines.

Kaynakça

  • Nowbar AN, Gitto M, Howard JP, Francis DP, Al-Lamee R. Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(6):e005375. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005375
  • Braunwald E. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022.
  • Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 12;44(38):3720-3826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2024;45(13):1145. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad870
  • Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012 Dec 18;126(25):3097-3137. Erratum in: Circulation. 2014 Apr 22;129(16):e462. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182776f83
  • Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK; Leducq Transatlantic Network on Atherothrombosis. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from pathophysiology to practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;1;54(23):2129-2138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009
  • Yu W, Maru F, Edner M, Hellström K, Kahan T, Persson H. Spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris: a retrospective analysis of efficacy and cost-benefit. Coron Artery Dis. 2004;15(1):31-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019501-200402000-00005
  • From the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE), Canadian Interventional Radiology Association (CIRA), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Stroke Organization (ESO), Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), and World Stroke Organization (WSO); Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell BCV, Carpenter JS, Cognard C, Dippel D, et al. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(6):612-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018778713
  • Jolicoeur EM, Cartier R, Henry TD, Barsness GW, Bourassa MG, McGillion M, et al. Patients with coronary artery disease unsuitable for revascularization: definition, general principles, and a classification. Can J Cardiol. 2012;28(2 Suppl):S50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2011.10.015
  • Gunduz ME, Matis GK, Ozduran E, Hanci V. Evaluating the Readability, Quality, and Reliability of Online Patient Education Materials on Spinal Cord Stimulation. Turk Neurosurg. 2024;34(4):588-599. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42973-22.3
  • Gazzeri R, Mosca J, Occhigrossi F, Mercieri M, Galarza M, Leoni MLG. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: Current Status and Future Perspectives, a Narrative Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(1):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12010033
  • Kocan L, Rapcan R, Burianek M, Kocanová H , Sabol F, Candík P, et al. Therapeutic Possibilities in Patients with Refractory Angina Pectoris: Spinal Cord Stimulation. J Emerg Med Trauma Surg Care 2017;4:019. doi: 10.24966/ETS-8798/100019
  • Pan X, Bao H, Si Y, Xu C, Chen H, Gao X, et al. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(6):543-551. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000435
  • Vervaat FE, van der Gaag A, Teeuwen K, van Suijlekom H, Dekker L, Wijnbergen IF. Long-term efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2023;20;45:101194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101194
  • TenVaarwerk IA, Jessurun GA, DeJongste MJ, Andersen C, Mannheimer C, Eliasson T, et al. Clinical outcome of patients treated with spinal cord stimulation for therapeutically refractory angina pectoris. The Working Group on Neurocardiology. Heart. 1999;82(1):82-88. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.82.1.82
  • Pathak YJ, Greenleaf W, Verhagen Metman L, Kubben P, Sarma S, Pepin B, et al. Digital Health Integration With Neuromodulation Therapies: The Future of Patient-Centric Innovation in Neuromodulation. Front. Digit. Health 2021;3:618959. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.618959
  • de Jongste MJ, Haaksma J, Hautvast RW, Hillege HL, Meyler PW, Staal MJ, et al. Effects of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial ischaemia during daily life in patients with severe coronary artery disease. A prospective ambulatory electrocardiographic study. Br Heart J. 1994;71(5):413-418. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.71.5.413
  • Lanza GA, Grimaldi R, Greco S, Ghio S, Sarullo F, Zuin G, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a multicenter randomized single-blind study (the SCS-ITA trial). Pain. 2011;152(1):45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.044
  • Jessurun GA, Ten Vaarwerk IA, DeJongste MJ, Tio RA, Staal MJ. Sequelae of spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris. Reliability and safety profile of long-term clinical application. Coron Artery Dis. 1997;8(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199701000-00005
  • Andersen C, Hole P, Oxhøj H. Does pain relief with spinal cord stimulation for angina conceal myocardial infarction? Br Heart J. 1994;71(5):419-421. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.71.5.419

"Fil gitti": Tedaviye dirençli angina pektoris için omurilik stimülasyonu: Bir olgu sunumu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 472 - 475, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1799774

Öz

Refrakter anjina pektoris (RAP) optimal tedavi, yaşam tarzı değişikliği ve uygulanmış revaskülarizasyon seçeneklerine rağmen tekrarlayan anjina atakları yaşamaya devam eden grubu temsil etmektedir. Bu duruma RAP denilmekte ve yaşam kalitesinde ciddi bozulma ve yüksek sağlık hizmeti yüküne neden olmakla sonuçlanmaktadır. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar, omurilik stimülasyonu (SCS) tedavisinin RAP tanılı hastaların semptomlarında belirgin düzelme sağladığını, anjina ataklarının sıklığını düşürdüğünü, antianjinal ilaç kullanım gereksinimini azalttığını ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırdığını bildirmektedir. Vakamız, dirençli RAP tanılı iyi seçilmiş hastalarda omurilik stimülasyonunun potansiyel faydasını göstermektedir. Hastamız, tedavi sonrası kalıcı semptomatik rahatlama, işlevsel kazanımlar elde etmiş ve nitratlara olan bağımlılığı azaltmıştır. Bu vakamız, klasik tedavi yöntemlerinin yetersiz olması veya uygulanabilir olmaması nedeniyle sınırlı seçeneklere sahip olan RAP tanılı hastalar için yenilikçi ve umut verici bir tedavi yaklaşımına güzel bir örnek olmaktadır. Gelecekte kardiyologların SCS’yi tedavi stratejilerinin bir bileşeni olarak benimsemesi ve bu yaklaşımı beyin cerrahları ile girişimsel ağrı uzmanlarıyla birlikte multidisipliner bir çerçevede uygulamaları, SCS’nin RAP tedavi kılavuzlarında güçlüce yer bulmasında belirleyici bir etken olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Nowbar AN, Gitto M, Howard JP, Francis DP, Al-Lamee R. Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(6):e005375. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005375
  • Braunwald E. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022.
  • Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 12;44(38):3720-3826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2024;45(13):1145. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad870
  • Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2012 Dec 18;126(25):3097-3137. Erratum in: Circulation. 2014 Apr 22;129(16):e462. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182776f83
  • Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK; Leducq Transatlantic Network on Atherothrombosis. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from pathophysiology to practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;1;54(23):2129-2138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009
  • Yu W, Maru F, Edner M, Hellström K, Kahan T, Persson H. Spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris: a retrospective analysis of efficacy and cost-benefit. Coron Artery Dis. 2004;15(1):31-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019501-200402000-00005
  • From the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE), Canadian Interventional Radiology Association (CIRA), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), European Stroke Organization (ESO), Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR), Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), and World Stroke Organization (WSO); Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell BCV, Carpenter JS, Cognard C, Dippel D, et al. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(6):612-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493018778713
  • Jolicoeur EM, Cartier R, Henry TD, Barsness GW, Bourassa MG, McGillion M, et al. Patients with coronary artery disease unsuitable for revascularization: definition, general principles, and a classification. Can J Cardiol. 2012;28(2 Suppl):S50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2011.10.015
  • Gunduz ME, Matis GK, Ozduran E, Hanci V. Evaluating the Readability, Quality, and Reliability of Online Patient Education Materials on Spinal Cord Stimulation. Turk Neurosurg. 2024;34(4):588-599. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.42973-22.3
  • Gazzeri R, Mosca J, Occhigrossi F, Mercieri M, Galarza M, Leoni MLG. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: Current Status and Future Perspectives, a Narrative Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(1):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12010033
  • Kocan L, Rapcan R, Burianek M, Kocanová H , Sabol F, Candík P, et al. Therapeutic Possibilities in Patients with Refractory Angina Pectoris: Spinal Cord Stimulation. J Emerg Med Trauma Surg Care 2017;4:019. doi: 10.24966/ETS-8798/100019
  • Pan X, Bao H, Si Y, Xu C, Chen H, Gao X, et al. Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(6):543-551. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000435
  • Vervaat FE, van der Gaag A, Teeuwen K, van Suijlekom H, Dekker L, Wijnbergen IF. Long-term efficacy and safety of spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2023;20;45:101194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101194
  • TenVaarwerk IA, Jessurun GA, DeJongste MJ, Andersen C, Mannheimer C, Eliasson T, et al. Clinical outcome of patients treated with spinal cord stimulation for therapeutically refractory angina pectoris. The Working Group on Neurocardiology. Heart. 1999;82(1):82-88. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.82.1.82
  • Pathak YJ, Greenleaf W, Verhagen Metman L, Kubben P, Sarma S, Pepin B, et al. Digital Health Integration With Neuromodulation Therapies: The Future of Patient-Centric Innovation in Neuromodulation. Front. Digit. Health 2021;3:618959. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.618959
  • de Jongste MJ, Haaksma J, Hautvast RW, Hillege HL, Meyler PW, Staal MJ, et al. Effects of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial ischaemia during daily life in patients with severe coronary artery disease. A prospective ambulatory electrocardiographic study. Br Heart J. 1994;71(5):413-418. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.71.5.413
  • Lanza GA, Grimaldi R, Greco S, Ghio S, Sarullo F, Zuin G, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a multicenter randomized single-blind study (the SCS-ITA trial). Pain. 2011;152(1):45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.044
  • Jessurun GA, Ten Vaarwerk IA, DeJongste MJ, Tio RA, Staal MJ. Sequelae of spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris. Reliability and safety profile of long-term clinical application. Coron Artery Dis. 1997;8(1):33-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199701000-00005
  • Andersen C, Hole P, Oxhøj H. Does pain relief with spinal cord stimulation for angina conceal myocardial infarction? Br Heart J. 1994;71(5):419-421. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.71.5.419
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kardiyoloji , Anesteziyoloji
Bölüm Olgu Sunumu
Yazarlar

Muhammet Enes Gündüz 0000-0002-8355-5575

Erkan Özduran 0000-0003-3425-313X

Volkan Hancı 0000-0002-2227-194X

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Gündüz ME, Özduran E, Hancı V. “The elephant is gone”: Spinal cord stimulation for therapy‑refractory angina pectoris: A case report. Med J West Black Sea. 2025;9(3):472-5.

Batı Karadeniz Tıp Dergisi, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi tarafından yayımlanan, uluslararası, hakemli ve açık erişimli bir dergidir. İlk sayısı 2017 yılında yayımlanan dergi, yılda üç kez (Nisan, Ağustos ve Aralık aylarında) yayımlanmakta olup Türkçe ve İngilizce makalelere yer verir.