Ratlarda potasyum dikromat kaynaklı nefrotoksisiteye karşı 1,8-sineolün koruyucu etkileri: Oksidatif stres, inflamatuvar ve apoptotik yolakların değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Potasyum dikromat, insanlar ve hayvanlarda nefrotoksisite ile ilişkilendirilen, dokularda oksidatif stres, inflamasyon ve apoptoza yol açan ağır bir metaldir. 1,8 sineol ise anti-oksidan, anti-inflamatuar ve anti-apoptotik aktivitelere sahip bir monoterpendir. Bu çalışmada, potasyum dikromat kaynaklı böbrek toksisitesine karşı 1,8 sineol’ün olası koruyucu etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 40 adet Wistar albino ırkı erkek sıçan rastgele olarak kontrol, vehicle, potasyum dikromat (PD), 1,8-sineol (CN) ve potasyum dikromat + 1,8-sineol (PD+CN) olmak üzere beş gruba ayrıldı (n=8). Tüm uygulamalar 28 gün boyunca günde bir kez oral yolla gerçekleştirildi. Böbrek dokusunda oksidatif stresin biyokimyasal belirteçleri olarak malondialdehit (MDA), indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Ayrıca inflamatuvar parametreler olarak nükleer faktör kappa B (NF-κB) ve tümör nekroz faktör-alfa (TNF-α) düzeyleri analiz edildi. Apoptotik sürecin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Bax ekspresyonu immünohistokimyasal yöntemle incelendi ve böbrek dokusunda oluşan histopatolojik değişiklikler değerlendirildi. Bulgular: PD grubu sıçanların böbrek dokusunda diğer deney gruplarına göre MDA, NF-κB ve TNF-α seviyelerinde artış gözlemlenirken, GSH, SOD ve CAT aktivitelerinde azalma görüldü (p<0.01). CN tedavisi, MDA, GSH, SOD ve CAT seviyelerinde önemli iyileşmeler sağlarken, NF-κB ve TNF-α seviyelerini düşürdü (p<0.01). İmmünohistokimyasal incelemeler, PD'nin böbrek dokusunda apoptotik belirteçlerden biri olan Bax ekspresyonunu artırdığını (p<0.01), CN tedavisinin ise Bax ekspresyonunu önemli ölçüde azalttığını gösterdi (p<0.01). Buna ek olarak, PD'nin böbrek dokusunda neden olduğu belirgin histopatolojik değişiklikler, PD+CN grubunda hafifledi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, CN’nin PD kaynaklı nefrotoksisite üzerinde antiinflamatuar, antioksidatif, antiapoptotik ve nefroprotektif etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 1
• 8-sineol
• İnflamasyon
• nefrotoksisite
• oksidatif stres
• potasyum dikromat

Destekleyen Kurum

Karabük Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

This work was supported by the Karabuk University Scientific Research Fund [KBÜBAP-25-DS-172].

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için etik onay, Karabük Üniversitesi Yerel Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulu'ndan alınmıştır (Protokol No: 2025/10/33).

Protective effects of 1,8-cineole against potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Evaluation of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways

Öz

Aim: Potassium dichromate is a heavy metal associated with nephrotoxicity in people and animals, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in tissues. 1,8-cineole is a monoterpene with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of 1,8-cineole against potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity. Material and Methods: This study involved 40 male Wistar albino rats, randomly allocated to five groups (n=8): control, vehicle, potassium dichromate (PD), 1,8-cineole (CN), and potassium dichromate combined with 1,8-cineole (PD+CN). All treatments were administered orally once daily for 28 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed as oxidative stress in kidney tissue. Furthermore, levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated as indicators of inflammation. Bax expression was analyzed through immunohistochemical methods, and histopathological changes in kidney tissue were assessed. Results: In the kidney tissue of rats in the PD group, elevated levels of MDA, NF-κB, and TNF-α were noted relative to other experimental groups, although activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT were decreased (p<0.01). CN treatment led to substantial enhancements in GSH, SOD, and CAT levels, concurrently reducing MDA, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels (p<0.01). Immunohistochemical investigations showed that PD increased Bax expression in kidney tissue (p<0.01), but CN treatment significantly reduced Bax expression (p<0.01). In the PD+CN group, kidney tissue histopathological changes caused by PD were reduced. Conclusion: CN has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and nephroprotective properties against PD-induced nephrotoxicity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 1
• 8-cineole
• inflammation
• nephrotoxicity
• oxidative stress
• potassium dichromate

Destekleyen Kurum

Karabük University

Proje Numarası

This work was supported by the Karabuk University Scientific Research Fund [KBÜBAP-25-DS-172].

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Karabük University Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments (Protocol No: 2025/10/33).

Kaynakça

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