Detection of bacterial stem rot disease in maize plants grown in Adana and Osmaniye povinces and investigation of biological control possibilities

Yıl 2023, , 667 - 682, 18.12.2023

Mizgin Keser , Raziye Cetınkaya Yıldız , Yesim Aysan

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1331813

Öz

Dickeya zeae, the causal agent of bacterial stem rot disease in maize plant, causes disease symptoms such as yellowing and browning of the leaves, softening of the stem, necrosis and bad odour. In this study, the prevalence and biological control possibilities of maize Bacterial Stem Rot disease in Adana and Osmaniye provinces were investigated. The prevalence rates of the disease were determined as 8%, 9% and 40% in Ceyhan, Kozan and Kadirli districts. The incidence rate of the disease was found to be between 8-15%. Bacterial isolates from infected plants were identified as Dickeya sp. using traditional methods, MALDI TOF MS and PCR tests. While the presence of the pathogen could not be detected in soil, it was found in irrigation water. The risk of transmission of the pathogen to healthy fields through irrigation water was revealed in this study. In the biological control of the disease, 332 candidate antagonist bacterial isolates were used and 84 antagonist bacterial isolates were found to have antibacterial activity against Dickeya sp. In semi-in vivo trials on potato slices, six of the 84 isolates caused less decay than the positive control. Two antagonist isolates (X77 and OG/1-12) suppressed decay by 56% and 27%, respectively. These antagonists were identified as species belonging to the genus Bacillus by MALDI TOF MS analysis. The identification of an effective representative antagonist for controlling of Dickeya sp., which has no chemical control, is a promising result in terms of biological control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dickeya zeae, Isolation, Soil, Irrigation water, Biological control

Adana ve Osmaniye illerinde yetiştirilen mısır bitkilerinde bakteriyel gövde çürüklüğü hastalığının saptanması ve biyolojik mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması

Öz

Mısır bitkisinde bakteriyel gövde çürüklüğü hastalığı etmeni Dickeya zeae yapraklarda sararma, kahverengileşme, gövdede yumuşama, nekroz ve kötü koku gibi hastalık belirtilerine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mısır Bakteriyel Gövde Çürüklüğü hastalığının Adana ve Osmaniye illerinde yaygınlığı ve biyolojik mücadele olanakları araştırılmıştır. Ceyhan, Kozan ve Kadirli ilçelerinde yapılan surveylerde hastalığın yaygınlık oranı %8, %9 ve %40 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın görüldüğü tarlalarda, hastalığın bulunuş oranının %8-15 aralığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta bitkilerden izole edilen bakteri izolatları geleneksel yöntemler, MALDI TOF MS ve PCR testleri kullanılarak Dickeya sp. olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenin varlığı toprakta tespit edilemezken, sulama suyunda bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Patojenin sulama suyuyla sağlıklı tarlalara bulaşma riskinin olduğu bu çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Hastalığın biyolojik mücadelesinde 332 adet aday antagonist bakteri izolatı kullanılmış, 84 adet antagonist bakteri izolatının Dickeya sp.’ye karşı antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Patates dilimlerinde yapılan yarı in vivo denemelerde 84 izolatın altısı pozitif kontrolden daha az çürüme oluşturmuştur. İki antagonist izolat (X77 ve OG/1-12 kodlu) çürümeyi sırasıyla %56 ve %27 oranında baskılamıştır. Bu antagonistlerin MALDI TOF MS analizi ile Bacillus cinsine ait türler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal mücadelesi olmayan hastalık ile mücadelede etkili bölgesel antagonistin saptanması biyolojik mücadele açısından ümitvar bir sonuçtur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dickeya zeae, İzolasyon, Toprak, Sulama Suyu, Biyolojik Mücadele

Etik Beyan

Bu makalede insan veya hayvan deneklerle herhangi bir çalışma bulunmaması nedeniyle etik onaya gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

• Aktepe, B.P. (2021). The effect of different plant activators and biological preparete on the biological control of bacterial speck disease in tomato. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (2), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.908921
• Anonim (2022). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim tarihi 10.06.2023).
• Anonymous (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization of the united nations. https://www.fao.org (Erişim tarihi 10.06.2023).
• Aysan, Y., Karatas, A., & Cinar, O. (2003). Biological control of bacterial stem rot caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi on tomato. Crop Protection, 22 (6), 807-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(03)00030-9
• Bertani, I., Passos da Silva, D., Abbruscato, P., Piffanelli, P., & Venturi, V. (2013). Draft genome sequence of the plant pathogen Dickeya zeae DZ2Q, isolated from rice in Italy. Genome Announcements, 1 (6), https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00905-13
• Bitgen, E., & Mirik, M. (2021). Tekirdağ ilinde yetişen zeytin ağaçlarında dal kanseri hastalığı etmeni Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi’nin tanısı ve antagonist bakteriyel izolatlar ile biyolojik mücadelesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (2), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.881977
• Bora, T., & Karaca, I. (1970). Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, No:167, Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova, 43 s.
• Bozkurt, İ.A., & Soylu S. (2019). Elma kök uru hastalığı etmeni Rhizobium radiobacter’e karşı epifit ve endofit bakteri izolatlarının antagonistik potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16, 348-361. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.556256
• Caplik, D., Kusek, M., Kara, S., Seyrek, A., & Celik, Y. (2022). First report of bacterial stalk rot of maize caused by Dickeya zeae in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 45 (1), e12070. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12070
• Cappaert, M.R., Powelson, M.L., Franc, G.D., & Harrison, M.D. (1988). Irrigation water as a source of inoculum of soft rot Erwinias for aerial stem rot of potatoes. Phytopathology, 78 (12), 1668-1672. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-78-1668
• Çetinkaya-Yıldız, R., & Aysan, Y. (2022). Doğu Akdeniz bölgesinde yetişen mısır (Zea mays) bitkisinin yeni bir bakteriyel hastalığı: Dickeya zeae’nın neden olduğu bakteriyel sap çürüklüğü. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (3), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1119953
• Chen, J., Liu, T., Wei, M., Zhu, Z., Liu, W., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Macrolactin a is the key antibacterial substance of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D2WM against the pathogen Dickeya chrysanthemi. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 155, 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01774-3
• Chen, Z., Zhang J., & Huang D. (2003). Research progress on antimicrobial mechanism and genetic engineering of Bacillus for plant diseases biocontrol. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 33 (2), 97-103.
• Chowdhury, S.P., Hartmann, A., Gao, X., & Borriss, R. (2015) Biocontrol mechanism by root-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42- A review. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6, 780. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00780
• Cother, E.J., & Gilbert, R.L. (1990). Presence of Erwinia chrysanthemi in 2 major river systems and their alpine sources in Australia. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 69 (5), 729-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01570.x
• Czajkowski R., Pérombelon M.C.M., van Veen, J.A., & van der Wolf, J.M. (2012). Control of blackleg and tuber soft rot of potato caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species: A review. Plant Pathology, 60, 999-1013. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02470.x
• Czajkowski, R., Pérombelon, M., Jafra, S., Lojkowska, E., Potrykus, M., van Der Wolf, J., & Sledz, W. (2015). Detection, identification and differentiation of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: A review. The Annals of Applied Biology, 166 (1), 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12166
• Emmert, E. A., & Handelsman, J. (1999). Biocontrol of plant disease: A (gram-) positive perspective. FEMS Microbiol Letters, 171 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13405.x
• Guan, Y., Chen, W., Wu, Y., Hu, Y., Wang, H., He, Z., & Zheng, H. (2019). First report of corn stalk rot caused by Dickeya zeae on sweet corn in Shanghai, China. Journal of Plant Pathology, 102, 557-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00447-8
• Hadizadeh, I., Peivastegan, B., Hannukkala, A., van der Wolf, J.M., Nissinen, R., & Pirhonen, M. (2019). Biological control of potato soft rot caused by Dickeya solani and the survival of bacterial antagonists under cold storage conditions. Plant Pathology, 68, 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12956
• Hu, M., Li, J., Chen, R., Li, W., Feng, L., Shi, L., Xue, Y., Feng, X., Zhang, L., & Zhou, J. (2018). Dickeya zeae strains isolated from rice, banana and clivia rot plants show great virulence differentials. BMC Microbiology, 18 (1), 136. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1300-y
• Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N., Jacot-Des-Combes, C., & Briolay, J. (2019). Dickeya lacustris sp. Nov., a water-living pectinolytic bacterium isolated from lakes in France. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 69 (3), 721-726. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003208
• Jafra, S., Przysowa, J., Gwizdek-Wiśniewska, A., & van der Wolf, J.M. (2008). Potential of bulb-associated bacteria for biocontrol of hyacinth soft rot caused by Dickeya zeae. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 106 (1), 268-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04000.x
• Jatoth, R., Singh, D., Geat, N., Babu, P.L., & Kumar A. (2022). Distribution of bacterial stalk rot disease of maize in India and identification of causal agent using biochemical and fliC gene based marker and its sensitivity against chemicals and bacterial antagonist. Indian Phytopathology, 75, 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00455-8
• Jiang, C.H., Wu, F., Yu, Z.Y., Xie, P., Ke, H.J., & Li, H.W. (2015). Study on screening and antagonistic mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 54 against bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. Microbiological Research, 170, 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2014.08.009
• Karnez, E., Güldoğan Ö., Ercan N., Korkmaz K., & Aysan Y. (2021) Domateste bakteriyel benek hastalığının mücadelesinde vermikompost uygulamasının etkisi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 26 (3), 726-735. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.986521
• Kırtok., Y. (1998). Mısır Üretimi ve Kullanımı. Kocaoluk Basım ve Yayınevi. Sf. 446.
• Kumar, A., Hunjan, M.S., Kaur, H., Singh, P.P., & Kaur, R. (2016). Evaluation of management of bacterial stalk rot of maize (Dickeya zeae) using bio-agents and chemical agents. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 8 (3), 1146-1151. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.932
• Kumar, A., Singh, M., Kaur, H., Rawal, R., & Singh, P. (2017). A review on bacterial stalk rot disease of maize caused by Dickeya zeae. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9 (2), 1214-1225.
• Lelliott, R.A., & Stead, D.E. (1987). Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. TF Preece (Edt) Methods in Plant Pathology Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 219 pp.
• Li, J., Hu, M., Xue, Y., Chen, X., Lu, G., Zhang, L., & Zhou, J. (2020). Screening, identification and efficacy evaluation of antagonistic bacteria for biocontrol of soft rot disease caused by Dickeya zeae. Microorganisms, 8, 697. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050697
• Lin, B.R., Shen, H.F., Pu, X.M, Tian, X.S., Zhao, W.J., Zhu, S.F., & Dong, M.M. (2010) First report of a soft rot of banana in Mainland China caused by a Dickeya sp. (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi). Plant Diseases, 94 (5), 640. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0640C
• Lopes, C.A., Stall R.E., & Bartz J.A. (1986). Bacterial stalk and top rot of maize in florida caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae. Plant Diseses, 70, 259. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-70-259a
• Luo, L., Zhao, C., Wang, E., Raza, A., & Yin, C. (2022). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as an excellent agent for biofertilizer and biocontrol in agriculture: An overview for its mechanisms. Microbiological Research, 259, 127016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2022.127016
• Martinez-Cisneros, B.A., Juarez-Lopez, G., Valencia-Torres, N., Duran-Peralta, E., & Mezzalama, M. (2014). First report of bacterial stalk rot of maize caused by Dickeya zeae in Mexico. Plant Disease, 98 (9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0198-PDN
• Mitchell, R.E. (1992). Metabolites from pseudomonads that inhibit the growth of Erwinia amylovora. Acta Horticulture, 338, 219-222. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.338.31
• Myung, I., Jeong, I.H., Moon, S.Y., Kim, W.G., Lee, S.W., Lee, Y.H., Lee, Y., Shim, H.S., & Ra, D.S. (2010). First report of bacterial stalk rot of sweet corn caused by Dickeya zeae in Korea. New Disease Reports, 22, 15. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.015
• Nassar, A., Darrase, A., Lemattre, M., Kotoujansky, A., Dervin, C., Veldel, R., & Bertheau, Y. (1996). Characterization of Erwinia chrysanthemi by pectinolytic isozyme polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified fragments of pel genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62, 2228-2235. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.7.2228-2235.1996
• Nishat, A., & Mall, T.P. (2009). Prevalence of maize diseases in Bahraich (U.P.). Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 17 (2) 512-513.
• Oerke, E.C. (2006). Crop losses to pests. Journal Agricultural Sciences, 144, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859605005708
• Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022a). Yozgat ve Kırşehir illerinde tüketime sunulmuş patates yumrularında bakteriyel yumuşak çürüklük hastalığı etmeni Pectobacterium izolatlarının izolasyonu ve tanılanması. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 332-342. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.974350
• Öztürk, M., & Soylu, S. (2022b). Yozgat ili beyaz baş lahana üretim alanlarında bakteriyel yumuşak çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Pectobacterium izolatlarının tanılanması. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25, 495-503. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.943765
• Perombelon M.C.M., & van der Wolf, J.M. (2002). Methods for the detection and quantification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum) on potatoes: A laboratory manual. Scottish Crop Research Institute Annual Report, 10.
• Perombelon, M.C.M., & Kelman, A. (1980). Ecology of the soft rot Erwinias. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 18, 361-387.
• Prokić, A., Zlatković, N., Kuzmanović, N., Ivanović, M., Gašić, K., Pavlović, Ž., & Obradović, A. (2020). Identification and characterization of Dickeya zeae strains associated with maize stalk soft-rot in northern Serbia. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 157 (3), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02019-4
• Pu, X. M., Zhou, J.N., Lin, B.R., & Shen, H.F. (2012). First report of bacterial foot rot of rice caused by a Dickeya zeae in China. Plant Disease, 96 (12) 1818. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-12-0315-PDN
• Quinn, C. E., Sells, I. A., Graham, & D. C. (1980). Soft rot Erwinia bacteria in the atmospheric bacterial aerosol. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 49 (1), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1980.tb01055.x
• Ramachandran, K., Manaf, U.A., & Zakaria, L. (2015). Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Erwinia spp. associated with pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] and papaya (Carica papaya L.). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 55 (4), 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2015-0053
• Reifschneider, F.J.B., & Lopes, C.A. (1982). Bacterial top and stalk rot of maize in Brazil. Plant Disease, 519-520. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-66-519
• Sah, D.N. (1991). Influence of environmental factors on infection of maize (Zea mays L.) by Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 12, 41-45.
• Sambrook, J.E., Fritsch, F., & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual Appendixes, 2nd Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p.6.4- 6.20 USA.
• Samson, R., Legendre, J.B., Christen, R., Fischer-Le Saux, M., Achouak, W., & Gardan, L. (2005). Transfer of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiacato the genus Dickeya gen. nov. As Dickeya chrysanthemi comb. nov. And Dickeya paradisiaca comb. nov. and delineation of four novel species, Dickeya dadantii sp. nov., Dickeya dianthicola sp. nov., Dickeya dieffenbachiae sp. nov. and Dickeya zeae sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55 (4), 1415-1427. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02791-0
• Sands, D.C. (1990). Physiological criteria-determinate tests. Z Klements, K Rudolph, DC Sands (Edts), In: Methods in Phytobacteriology (pp 199-204). Acedemia Kiado, Budapest, Hungary.
• Schaad, N.W, Jones, J.B, & Lacy, G.H. (2001). Gram negative bacteria, Xanthomonas. NW Schaad, JB Jones, W Chun (Edts), In: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (3. Edition, pp. 175-193). APS Press, St. Paul Minnesota.
• Soylu, E.M., Soylu, S., Kara, M., & Kurt, Ş. (2020). Sebzelerde sorun olan önemli bitki fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı vermikomposttan izole edilen mikrobiyomların in vitro antagonistik etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 23 (1), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.601936
• Suriani, B.P., Junaid, M., & Muis, A. (2021). The presence of bacterial stalk rot disease on corn in Indonesia: A review. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 911-012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012058
• Thind, B.S., & Payak, M.M. (1985). A review of bacterial stalk rot of maize in India. Tropical Pest Management, 31 (4), 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878509371007
• Toth, I.K., van Der Wolf, J.M., Saddler, G., Lojkowska, E., Hélias, V., Pirhonen, M., Tsror (Lahkim), L., & Elphinstone, J.G. (2011). Dickeya species: An emerging problem for potato production in Europe. Plant Pathology, 60 (3), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02427.x
• Uysal, A., Kurt, Ş., Soylu, S., Soylu, E.M., & Kara, M. (2019). Yaprağı yenen sebzelerdeki mikroorganizma türlerinin MALDI-TOF MS (Matris Destekli Lazer Desorpsiyon/İyonizasyon Uçuş Süresi Kütle Spektrometresi) tekniği kullanılarak tanılanması. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29, 595-603. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.627850
• Yanchang, Y., Ziting, Y., Muqing, Z., Chengwu, Z., & Baoshan, C. (2021). First report of stalk bacterial soft rot of sugarcane caused by Dickeya zeae in China. Plant Disease, 105 (4) 1188-1188. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2234-PDN
• Zhang, J.X., Shen, H.F., Pu, X.M., Lin, B.R., & Hu, J. (2014). Identification of Dickeya zeae as a casual agent of bacterial soft rot in banana in China. Plant Disease, 98 (4), 436-442. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0711-RE
• Zhou, J.N., Liu, S.Y., Chen, Y.F., & Liao, L.S. (2015). First report of Pantoea anthophila causing soft rot disease in Clausena lansium (Wampee) in China. Plant Disease, 99 (3), 416. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1025-PDN