Adana ve Osmaniye illerinde yetiştirilen mısır bitkilerinde bakteriyel gövde çürüklüğü hastalığının saptanması ve biyolojik mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması

Öz

Mısır bitkisinde bakteriyel gövde çürüklüğü hastalığı etmeni Dickeya zeae yapraklarda sararma, kahverengileşme, gövdede yumuşama, nekroz ve kötü koku gibi hastalık belirtilerine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mısır Bakteriyel Gövde Çürüklüğü hastalığının Adana ve Osmaniye illerinde yaygınlığı ve biyolojik mücadele olanakları araştırılmıştır. Ceyhan, Kozan ve Kadirli ilçelerinde yapılan surveylerde hastalığın yaygınlık oranı %8, %9 ve %40 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın görüldüğü tarlalarda, hastalığın bulunuş oranının %8-15 aralığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Hasta bitkilerden izole edilen bakteri izolatları geleneksel yöntemler, MALDI TOF MS ve PCR testleri kullanılarak Dickeya sp. olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenin varlığı toprakta tespit edilemezken, sulama suyunda bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Patojenin sulama suyuyla sağlıklı tarlalara bulaşma riskinin olduğu bu çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Hastalığın biyolojik mücadelesinde 332 adet aday antagonist bakteri izolatı kullanılmış, 84 adet antagonist bakteri izolatının Dickeya sp.’ye karşı antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Patates dilimlerinde yapılan yarı in vivo denemelerde 84 izolatın altısı pozitif kontrolden daha az çürüme oluşturmuştur. İki antagonist izolat (X77 ve OG/1-12 kodlu) çürümeyi sırasıyla %56 ve %27 oranında baskılamıştır. Bu antagonistlerin MALDI TOF MS analizi ile Bacillus cinsine ait türler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal mücadelesi olmayan hastalık ile mücadelede etkili bölgesel antagonistin saptanması biyolojik mücadele açısından ümitvar bir sonuçtur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dickeya zeae
• İzolasyon
• Toprak
• Sulama Suyu
• Biyolojik Mücadele

Detection of bacterial stem rot disease in maize plants grown in Adana and Osmaniye povinces and investigation of biological control possibilities

Öz

Dickeya zeae, the causal agent of bacterial stem rot disease in maize plant, causes disease symptoms such as yellowing and browning of the leaves, softening of the stem, necrosis and bad odour. In this study, the prevalence and biological control possibilities of maize Bacterial Stem Rot disease in Adana and Osmaniye provinces were investigated. The prevalence rates of the disease were determined as 8%, 9% and 40% in Ceyhan, Kozan and Kadirli districts. The incidence rate of the disease was found to be between 8-15%. Bacterial isolates from infected plants were identified as Dickeya sp. using traditional methods, MALDI TOF MS and PCR tests. While the presence of the pathogen could not be detected in soil, it was found in irrigation water. The risk of transmission of the pathogen to healthy fields through irrigation water was revealed in this study. In the biological control of the disease, 332 candidate antagonist bacterial isolates were used and 84 antagonist bacterial isolates were found to have antibacterial activity against Dickeya sp. In semi-in vivo trials on potato slices, six of the 84 isolates caused less decay than the positive control. Two antagonist isolates (X77 and OG/1-12) suppressed decay by 56% and 27%, respectively. These antagonists were identified as species belonging to the genus Bacillus by MALDI TOF MS analysis. The identification of an effective representative antagonist for controlling of Dickeya sp., which has no chemical control, is a promising result in terms of biological control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dickeya zeae
• Isolation
• Soil
• Irrigation water
• Biological control

Kaynakça

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