Micrometal sources and potential pollution status in intensive and monoculture agriculture

Abstract

In this study, the concentrations of micrometalloids (MMs) such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb and Cr were determined in 165 soil samples collected from 0-20 cm depth by determining their locations from agricultural lands in Osmaniye province.The average concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were detected 3.30, 0.16, 103, 18.52, 0.16, 17093, 126.3, 232.61, 2.71 and 52.19 mg kg−1, respectively. The results of this study showed that Ni, Co and Cr are due to geological erosion of the parent material, Fe, Mn and Cd are due to both lithogenic and different anthropogenic sources and Pb is due to atmospheric factors. The average concentrations of Ni, Cd and Cr among MMs in the investigated agricultural soils exceeded the UCC concentrations used for the calculation of environmental and ecological risk indices. Although non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks do not pose a threat to the inhabitants of the region at the moment, the accumulation of MMs and the level of contamination of soils indicate that they may pose a threat in the near future. Furthermore, HQ and HI values for ingestion and dermal were found to be higher in children than in adults, indicating that children are more affected by MMs in agricultural soils. the high concentration of a MM in soils where pollution is investigated may directly depend on the parent material of the soils studied, as in this study. Therefore, in such studies, sampling should be done from the main material.

Keywords

• Osmaniye
• agricultural soils
• health risks
• pollution sources
• mikrometaloit

Yoğun ve Monokültür Tarımda Mikrometal Kaynaklar ve Potansiyel Kirlilik Durumu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Osmaniye ilindeki tarım arazilerinden konumları belirlenerek 0-20 cm derinlikten toplanan 165 toprak örneğinde Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb ve Cr gibi mikrometaloidlerin (MMs) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Ortalama Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 3.30, 0.16, 103, 18.52, 0.16, 17093, 126.3, 232.61, 2.71 ve 52.19 mg kg-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Ni, Co ve Cr'nin ana materyalin jeolojik erozyonundan, Fe, Mn ve Cd’un hem litojenik hem de farklı antropojenik kaynaklardan, Pb'nin ise atmosferik faktörlerden kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. İncelenen tarım topraklarındaki MM'ler arasında Ni, Cd ve Cr'nin ortalama konsantrasyonları, çevresel ve ekolojik risk endekslerinin hesaplanmasında kullanılan UCC konsantrasyonlarını aşmıştır. Kanserojen olmayan ve kanserojen riskler şu anda bölge sakinleri için bir tehdit oluşturmasa da, MM'lerin birikimi ve toprakların kirlenme seviyesi yakın gelecekte bir tehdit oluşturabileceklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yutma ve dermal için HQ ve HI değerleri çocuklarda yetişkinlere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur, bu da çocukların tarım topraklarındaki MM’lerden daha fazla etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Kirliliğin araştırıldığı topraklarda bir MM'nin yüksek konsantrasyonu, bu çalışmada olduğu gibi, doğrudan çalışılan toprakların ana materyaline bağlı olabilir. Bu nedenle bu tür çalışmalarda ana materyalden örnekleme yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osmaniye
• Agricultural soils
• Sağlık riskleri
• Kirlilik kaynakları
• Mikrometaloit

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