Aronya ve asma in vitro kültürlerinde elisitör kaynaklı biyoaktif metabolit üretimi ve bu ekstraktların fonksiyonel yoğurt zenginleştirilmesinde kullanımı

Öz

Bu çalışma, aronya (Aronia melanocarpa L.) ve asma (Vitis vinifera L.) in vitro kültürlerinde elisitör uygulamalarının biyoaktif metabolit birikimi üzerine etkilerini ve elde edilen ekstraktların fonksiyonel yoğurt zenginleştirilmesindeki potansiyelini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. In vitro koşullarda oluşturulan aronya (‘Nero’) ve asma (‘Yalova İncisi’) kültürleri Murashige ve Skoog (MS) besi ortamında yetiştirilmiş ve 14 gün süreyle salisilik asit (100-200 µM), metil jasmonat (50-100 µM), PEG (%5 w/v) ve UV-B (10 dk/gün) uygulamalarına tabi tutulmuştur. Toplam fenolik, flavonoid içerikleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) spektrofotometrik olarak belirlenmiştir. En etkili elisitör uygulamalarından elde edilen ekstraktlar (aronya için 100 µM MeJA, asma için 200 µM SA), %1 (w/v) oranında set tipi yoğurtlara ilave edilmiştir. Yoğurt üretimi 90 °C’de 10 dakika pastörizasyon, 43 °C’de inokülasyon ve pH 4.6’ya ulaşana kadar fermentasyon koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol ve zenginleştirilmiş örnekler 4 °C’de depolanarak 0., 7. ve 14. günlerde analiz edilmiştir. MeJA ve UV-B uygulamaları aronya kültürlerinde en yüksek fenolik (75.8 mg GAE g-1 DW) ve flavonoid (37.5 mg QE g-1 DW) düzeylerini sağlamıştır. SA, asma kültürlerinde fenolik içeriği 57.4 mg GAE g-1 DW’ye yükseltmiştir. Zenginleştirilmiş yoğurtlar daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite (ABTS: 1.92; FRAP: 1.48 mmol g-1 DW), daha düşük sinerezis (12.9%) ve maya-küf gelişiminde azalma (1.10 log CFU g-1) göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, elisitörle zenginleştirilen kültürlerin fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinde sürdürülebilir biyoaktif bileşik kaynakları olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa L.)
• Asma (Vitis vinifera L.)
• Elisitör uygulamaları
• Biyoaktif bileşikler
• Gıda zenginleştirme

Elicitor-induced production of bioactive metabolites in aronia and grapevine in vitro cultures and their application in functional yogurt fortification

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of elicitor applications on bioactive metabolite accumulation in aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in vitro cultures and evaluated the potential of the obtained extracts for functional yogurt fortification. In vitro cultures of aronia (‘Nero’) and grapevine (‘Yalova İncisi’) were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and treated with salicylic acid (100-200 µM), methyl jasmonate (50-100 µM), polyethylene glycol (5% w/v), and UV-B (10 min/day) for 14 days. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) were determined spectrophotometrically. The most effective extracts (100 µM MeJA for aronia and 200 µM SA for grapevine) were incorporated into set-type yogurts at 1% (w/v) following pasteurization (90 °C, 10 min), inoculation with starter culture at 43 °C, and fermentation to pH 4.6. Control and fortified yogurts were stored at 4 °C and analyzed on days 0, 7, and 14. MeJA and UV-B treatments yielded the highest phenolic (75.8 mg GAE g-1 DW) and flavonoid (37.5 mg QE g-1 DW) levels in aronia, while SA increased phenolics in grapevine to 57.4 mg GAE g-1 DW. Fortified yogurts showed higher antioxidant activity (ABTS: 1.92; FRAP: 1.48 mmol g-1 DW), lower syneresis (12.9%), greater firmness (0.41 N), and reduced yeast-mold growth (1.10 log CFU g-1). These findings confirm that elicitor-enhanced cultures provide sustainable bioactive sources for functional dairy applications.

Keywords

• Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa L.)
• Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
• Elicitor treatments
• Bioactive compounds
• Food fortification

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