Bioactivity of endosymbiotic bacterial supernatants from local entomopathogenic nematodes against Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

Öz

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria stand out as environmentally friendly alternatives due to their high pathogenicity against harmful insects. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal effects of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) derived from the symbiotic bacteria of local EPN isolates on larvae of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under controlled conditions. The bacterial associates of EPNs were isolated from newly harvested infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs and cell-free supernatants (CFSs) belonging to Xenorhabdus bovienii (MCB-8) and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii (AVB-15) strains were applied to 4th instar larvae by spraying. Larval mortalities were recorded at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-treatment. Both bacterial supernatants were able to cause mortality on the larvae. The mortality rates varied depending on the exposure times and increased sharply after 96 hours of exposure. The lowest mortality (2.5%) was obtained at 24 hours post-treatment, while mortalities reached 80.0% (X. bovienii) and 86.2% (P. luminescens) after 96 hours of exposure to CFSs, respectively. The findings revealed that the culture filtrates of symbiotic bacteria from local EPN isolates have strong insecticidal activity against G. mellonella larvae.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomopathogenic nematodes
• Symbiotic bacteria
• Sustainability

Yerel entomopatojen nematodlardan elde edilen endosimbiyotik bakteriyel süpernatantların Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarına karşı biyoaktivitesi

Öz

Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN) ve simbiyotik bakterileri, zararlı böceklere karşı yüksek patojeniteleri sayesinde çevre dostu alternatifler arasında öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, yerel EPN izolatlarından elde edilen simbiyotik bakterilere ait hücresiz süpernatantların (HS) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları üzerindeki insektisidal etkilerini kontrollü koşullar altında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. EPN'lerin bakteriyel simbiyontları, EPN'lerin yeni hasat edilmiş infektiv juvenillerinden (IJ'ler) izole edilmiş ve Xenorhabdus bovienii (MCB-8) ve Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii (AVB-15) suşlarına ait hücresiz süpernatantlar (HS'ler) 4. evre larvalara püskürtme yoluyla uygulanmıştır. Larva ölümleri uygulamadan 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat sonra kaydedilmiştir. Her iki bakteriyel süpernatant da larvalarda ölüme neden olabilmiştir. Ölüm oranları maruz kalma sürelerine bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiş ve uygulamadan 96 saat sonra keskin bir şekilde artmıştır. En düşük ölüm oranı (%2,5) uygulama sonrası 24 saat sonra elde edilirken, uygulamadan 96 saat sonra ölüm oranları sırasıyla %80,0 (X. bovienii) ve %86,2 (P. luminescens)'ye ulaşmıştır. Bulgular, yerel EPN izolatlarından elde edilen simbiyotik bakterilerin hücre içermeyen süpernatantlarının G. mellonella larvalarına karşı güçlü bir insektisidal etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomopatojen nematodlar
• Simbiyotik bakteriler
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

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