Bazı Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin MARCOS yöntemiyle incelenmesi

Öz

Küçükbaş hayvanlar yani koyun ve keçiler son yıllarda tarımsal ve kırsal kalkınmada giderek önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bunun nedeni, küçükbaş hayvanların çiftçi gelirlerini artırma potansiyelidir. Diğer taraftan küçükbaş hayvanlar önemli bir besin kaynağı konumundadır. Küçükbaş hayvanlar düşük kaliteli yemleri yüksek kaliteli ürünlere dönüştürebilmektedirler. Düşük sermaye yatırımı gerektirirler ve kısa besi sürelerine sahiptirler. Küçükbaş hayvancılık bazı çiftçiler için önemli bir geçim kaynağı durumundadır. Küçükbaş hayvancılık ayrıca kırsal alanda önemli bir istihdam kaynağı olup bu hayvanlardan elde edilen ürünler dışsatım potansiyeline sahiptir. Küçükbaş hayvancılık bütün dünyada olduğu gibi Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde de yoğun olarak yürütülen bir tarımsal faaliyettir. Bu araştırma bazı Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin (Yunanistan, İspanya, Fransa, İtalya, Güney Kıbrıs, Letonya, Malta, Hollanda, Avusturya, Romanya, Portekiz) küçükbaş hayvancılık potansiyellerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri EUROSTAT veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada MARCOS yöntemi kullanılmış, ülkelerin küçükbaş hayvancılık potansiyellerini belirlemek amacıyla keçi sayısı, koyun sayısı, keçi eti üretimi, koyun eti üretimi ve keçi sütü üretimi kriterlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri arasında küçükbaş hayvancılık potansiyeli açısından ilk sırayı İspanya almıştır. Yunanistan ve Fransa ise küçükbaş hayvancılık potansiyeli açısından sırasıyla ikinci ve üçüncü sırada yer almıştır. Ülkeler arası bir değerlendirme yapıldığında önemli farklılıkların olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• keçi
• koyun
• Marcos yöntemi

Examination of small ruminant breeding in some European Union countries using the MARCOS method

Öz

Small ruminants, namely sheep and goats, have become increasingly important in agricultural and rural development in recent years. The reason for this is the potential of small ruminants to increase farmers' incomes. On the other hand, small ruminants are an important source of food. They require low capital investment and have short fattening periods. Small ruminant farming is an important source of livelihood for some farmers. Small ruminant farming is also an important source of employment in rural areas, and products obtained from small ruminants have export potential. Small ruminant farming is an agricultural activity that is intensively carried out in European Union countries, as it is throughout the world. This research was conducted to examine the small ruminant livestock potential of certain European Union countries (Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Southern Cyprus, Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Romania, Portugal). The data for the research was obtained from the EUROSTAT database. The MARCOS method was used in the study, utilising criteria such as goat numbers, sheep numbers, goat meat production, sheep meat production and goat milk production to determine the small ruminant livestock potential of countries. In the study, Spain ranked first among European Union countries in terms of small ruminant livestock potential. Greece and France ranked second and third, respectively, in terms of small ruminant livestock potential. When evaluating countries, significant differences were observed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Goat
• sheep
• Marcos method

Kaynakça

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