Diurnal and nocturnal variability of essential oil content and components of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavender)

Öz

Aims: The study aimed to make a comprehensive comparison in the effects of both diurnal and nocturnal variations at full bloom on dried flowers, peduncles and leaves were checked on the essential oil contents and components of lavender under hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa type) climatic conditions of Uşak province (Turkey).

Methods and Results: The samples of flowers, peduncles and leaves were harvested at full blooming (14 July) using eight different times (06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 00:00; 03:00) in 24 hours. The air-dried (shade) 100 g each of flowers, peduncles and leaves were taken from the plants and water distilled for 3 h with usage of a Clevenger-type apparatus. Than, the essential oil samples were subjected to GC-MS analysis for their components.

Conclusions: The percentage of essential oil components varied and was influenced by the type of sample and the time of harvest. The results demonstrated that the essential oil contents changed between 6.73-10.27% for flowers, 0.29-0.76% for peduncles, and 0.08-0.42% for leaves. According to GC-MS analysis; Linalool, terpinene-4-ol, camphor, borneol, 1,8 cineole, lavandulol, β-pinene and β-farnesene were determined as the main components during full flowering period. The highest essential oil (10.27%) was obtained from flowers harvested at 15:00 with linalool as main compound of Lavender essential oil.

Significance and Impact of the Study: It was concluded that the harvest at 09:00 should be preferred for production of high quantity of camphor and nocturnal harvest at 03:00 should be preferred for production of high quality linalool from Lavender essential oils. The results depicted that the amount of linalool was higher in flowers and peduncles and camphor was higher in leaves.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• harvest time,essential oil,compositions,Mediterranean (Csa type) climate

Diurnal ve nocturnal varyabilitenin Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavender) uçucu yağ içeriğine ve bileşenlerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Türkiye’nin Akdeniz iklim kuşağında yer alan Uşak ili ekolojik koşullarında, sıcak yaz Akdeniz ikliminde (Csa tipi) yetiştirilen lavanta bitkisinin tam çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilen; çiçek, çiçek sapı (peduncle) ve yapraklarındaki uçucu yağ miktarı ve bileşenleri ile bu bileşenlerin diurnal ve nocturnal varyabiliteleri incelenmiştir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çiçek, çiçek sapı ve yaprak örnekleri tam çiçeklenme döneminde (14 Temmuz) 24 saat içerisinde sekiz farklı (06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 00:00; 03:00) zamanda hasat edilmiştir. Gölgede kurutulan yüzer gramlık çiçek, çiçek sapı ve yaprak örnekleri 3 saat süre ile Clevenger tipi aparat kullanılarak su buharı distilasyon ile uçucu yağları elde edilmiş ve elde edilen uçucu yağların bileşenlerine GC-MS ile bakılmıştır.

Genel Yorum: Elde edilen bileşenlerin yüzdesi; hasat zamanına ve alınan numunenin türüne göre değişim göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar; uçucu yağ içeriğinin çiçeklerde %6.73-10.27, çiçek sapında (pedinkül) %0.29-0.76 ve yapraklarda ise %0.08-0.42 arasında değiştiğini göstermiştir. GC-MS sonuçlarına göre; tam çiçeklenme döneminde ana bileşenler olarak Linalool, terpinene-4-ol, camphor, borneol, 1,8 cineole, lavandulol, β-pinene ve β-farnesene belirlenmiştir. En yüksek uçucu yağ (%10.27) ile saat 15:00'de toplanan çiçeklerden elde edilmiş, ana bileşen olarak ise linalool belirlenmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Lavanta uçucu yağında, yüksek oranda kafur (camphor) için saat 09:00’da yapılacak hasadın, linalool için ise gece saat 03:00’de yapılacak hasadın uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, çiçeklerde ve çiçek saplarında linalool miktarının, yapraklarda ise kafurun daha fazla olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hasat zamanı,uçucu yağ,bileşenler,Akdeniz (Csa tipi) iklimi

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