Pelleting pruning residues of mandarin for bio-energy

Abstract

Aims: This study evaluates the biofuel potential of mandarin orchard pruning residues in the form of pellets.

Methods and Results: Pellets were produced at M10 (8 – 10%) moisture content, from three different particle sizes (ground by sieves having 4, 6 and 8 mm). Some thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the pellets were studied and checked according to the recent EU (European Union) standards. Pellet bulk densities varied between 474 kg m-3 and 507 kg m-3, while the pellet densities varied between 1230 kg m-3 and 1270 kg m-3 Mechanical durability (MD) values varied from 79.46% to 92.14%. Firmness values changed from 2039.34 N to 2807.40 N. Ash content was 5.64% and heating value of the pellets was 18.66 MJ kg-1.

Conclusions: The measured physical-mechanical properties of the produced pellets were in line with the related standards. In addition, flue gas emissions of all the produced pellets were in limits mentioned in heating regulations for the environmental protection aspects for bio-energy resource. Thermal values of pellets are very good as a solid bio-fuel.

Significance and Impact of the Study: Results showed that the pruning residues of mandarin pruning residues were suitable both in technical and environmental.

Keywords

• Biofuel
• mandarin
• pellet
• branch
• residue

Biyoyakıt için mandalina budama atıklarının peletlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, mandalina bahçesi budama artıklarının pelet şeklinde biyoyakıt potansiyelini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Peletler, üç farklı parçacık boyutundan (4, 6 ve 8 mm) ve M10 (% 8 - 10) nem içeriğinde üretilmiştir. Peletlerin bazı ısısal ve fiziko-mekanik özellikleri güncel AB (Avrupa Birliği) standartlarına göre incelenmiş ve kontrol edilmiştir. Pelet yığın yoğunlukları 474 kg m-3 ile 507 kg m-3 arasında değişirken, pelet yoğunlukları 1230 kg m-3 ve 1270 kg m 3 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Mekanik dayanıklılık (MD) değerleri %79.46 ile %92.14 arasında, sertlik değerleri 2039.34 N ile 2807.40 N arasında değişmiştir. Kül içeriği %5.64 ve peletlerin alt ısıl değeri 18.66 MJ kg-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Üretilen tüm peletlerin ölçülen fiziko-mekanik özellikleri katı biyoyakıt standartları açısından uygun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, baca gazı emisyonları, çevre koruma için ısıtma yönetmeliklerinde belirtilen sınırlarlar arasında çıkmıştır. Peletlerin ısıl değerleri katı yakıt olarak kabul edilebilir düzeydedir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçlar, mandalina ağaçlarının budama artıklarının biyoyakıt kaynağı için hem teknik hem de çevresel açılardan uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyoyakıt
• mandalina
• pelet
• dal
• atık

Kaynakça

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