Determination of postharvest fungal disease agents on banana fruits growing in Mersin province

Abstract

Aims: This study was carried out for the isolation and identification of common postharvest fungal disease agents on banana fruits sampled from packaging houses in districts of Mersin province such as Bozyazı, Anamur and Erdemli, during 2013-2014 growing season.

Methods and Results: During disease survey in 2013 and 2014 banana-growing seasons, diseased/suspected banana fruit samples were taken from warehouses and packing houses in different districts of Mersin province. Postharvest fungal disease agents were isolated from the banana fruits and identified according to their morphological structures. Following isolation, a total of 238 fungal isolates were obtained from 197 different diseased fruits. Isolates belonging to Fusarium spp. (21.8%) were the most prevalent fungal isolate determined on fruits showing crown rot disease symptoms followed by Fusarium verticillioides (13.4%), F. oxysporum (10.5%), F. proliferatum (9.7%) and Thielaviopsis paradoxa (2.5%), respectively. Isolates belong to Fusarium spp. (7.6%), Musicillium theobromae (2.9%) and Deightoniella torulosa (1.7%) were isolated and determined as causal disease agents responsible for fruit end rot disease symptoms. F. verticillioides (4.2%) was determined as the causal disease agent of internal rot symptoms of the fruits. Alternaria alternate (10.9%), Penicillium spp. (8.8%), Aspergillus niger (4.6%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.3%) isolates were identified as secondary (opportunistic) disease agents on banana fruit showing different rotting symptoms.

Conclusions: In Turkey, there has not been any research on the fungal agent(s) that cause a significant postharvest loss in banana fruits up to now. With this study, fungal disease agents that occur after harvesting and cause quality and quantity losses in banana fruits grown in Mersin province were determined. Results of this study fulfilled partially deficiency in this area.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The results obtained in this study are of the nature to shed light on future studies on post-harvest diseases and their control, which should be studied primarily in banana fruits.

Keywords

• Banana
• Post-harvest
• fungal disease agents
• fruit rot

Mersin ilinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrasında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2013-2014 yıllarında Mersin ilinin Bozyazı, Anamur, Erdemli gibi önemli muz üretiminin yapıldığı ilçelerindeki paketleme evlerinden alınan muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrası yaygın fungal hastalık etmenlerinin izolasyonu ve tanılaması amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin ilinin farklı ilçelerindeki depo ve paketleme evlerine 2013 ve 2014 muz yetiştirme sezonlarında yapılan surveylerde hastalıklı/şüpheli muz meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Muz meyveleri üzerinde derim sonrası ortaya çıkan fungal hastalık etmenleri meyvelerden izole edilmiş ve morfolojik yapılarına göre tanılanmıştır. İzolasyonlar sonucu hastalık belirtisi gösteren 197 farklı hastalıklı meyveden toplam 238 fungal izolatı elde edilmiştir. Taç çürüklüğü hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden en fazla Fusarium spp (%21.8) izole edilmiş olup, bu türleri sırası ile Fusarium verticillioides (% 13.4), F. oxysporum (% 10.5), F. proliferatum (% 9.7) ve Thielaviopsis paradoxa (% 2.5) izlemiştir. Meyve uç çürüklüğü belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden Fusarium spp. (%7.6), Musicillium theobromae (%2.9) ve Deightoniella torulosa (%1.7) hastalık etmenleri izole edilmiştir. Meyvelerin merkez kısmında siyah iç çürüklük belirtilerine ise F. verticillioides’in (%4.2) neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alternaria alternata (%10.9), Penicillium spp. (%8.8), Aspergillus niger (%4.6) ve Cladosporium cladosporioides (%1.3) gibi türlere ait izolat ise farklı çürüme belirtileri gösteren muz meyve üzerinde sekonder (fırsatçı) hastalık etmenleri olarak belirlenmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Ülkemizde muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında önemli kayıplara neden olan fungal etmen(ler)e ilişkin daha önce herhangi bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Mersin ili genelinde yetiştirilen muz meyvelerinde derim sonrasında ortaya çıkan, kalite ve ürün kayıplarına neden olan fungal hastalık etmenleri belirlenmiş olup, bu alandaki eksiklik kısmen de olsa giderilmiştir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekte muz meyvelerinde öncelikle çalışılması gereken derim sonrası hastalıklar ve mücadelesi üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacak niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Muz
• derim sonrası
• fungal hastalık etmenleri
• meyve çürüklüğü

Kaynakça

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