Determination of weed species, their frequency and densities in cherry orchards in Kahramanmaras province, Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 198 - 209, 18.12.2019

Tamer Üstüner

Öz

Aims:
In order to achieve successful
chemical control of weeds, the species and density of weeds should be known. The
aim of this study was to determine the species, density, frequency and general
coverage area of the weeds in cherry orchards in Kahramanmaras province.

Methods and Results:
This survey was conducted to
determine the species, density and frequency of weeds in cherry orchards of
Kahramanmaras province (11 districts). It was determined that the density of
the weeds in Andırın cherry orchards had the highest density followed by
Dulkadiroglu, Göksun, Onikisubat, Turkoglu, Elbistan, Afsin, Ekinözü,
Caglayancerit, Pazarcik and Nurhak districts, respectively. As for the average
density of each weed species; Elymus repens (L.) Gould., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. were found to
be very dense. The frequencies of E. repens, S. halepense and C.
Dactylon; on the other hand, were calculated as between 33.40% and 66.80%
in all districts. In addition, the frequency of Equisetum arvense L. was
calculated to be higher than 50% in Göksun district alone. The general coverage
of weeds; however, ranged from 20.0% to 42.0% for E. repens, S. halepense,
C. dactylon and E. arvense species.

Conclusions:
Research carried out in the cherry
orchards in Kahramanmaras revealed that one hundred and sixty-four weed species
belong to thirty-three families. These are; one Pteridophyta, twenty-four Monocotyledons,
and one hundred and thirty-nine Dicotyledons. Weed density, frequency and
covering area in the cherry orchards were found to be different among
districts. However, weed species in Andırın were more intense than in other
districts. Also, E. arvense was found to be important only in Göksun
district.

Significance
and Impact of the Study: The density of weed species determined in cherry
orchards in Kahramanmaraş province has been shown to vary from one district to
the other. Weed species in rhizome and stolon root in terms of density is an
important threat for cherry trees. Broad-leaved weed species were very dense in
young cherry orchards; whereas, narrow-leaved weed species were found to be
dense in older orchards aged 15 and over. In controlling weeds, especially
narrow and broad-leaved weeds should be targeted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cherry orchards, weed, density, frequency and general coverage

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kahramanmaraş ili kiraz bahçelerinde bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin, yaygınlıklarının ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Yabancı otların kimyasal
mücadelesinde başarılı sonuçlar almak için öncelikle yabancı ot türlerini ve
yoğunluğunun bilinmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ili kiraz
bahçelerinde yabancı ot türünü, yoğunluğunu, sıklığını ve genel kaplama alanını
tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem
ve Bulgular: Bu araştırma, Kahramanmaraş ili (11 ilçe) kiraz bahçelerinde
yabancı ot türlerini, yoğunluğunu ve rastlama sıklığını belirlemek amacıyla
yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Andırın kiraz bahçelerinde yabancı
otların yoğunluğu bakımından en yüksek yoğunluğa sahip olduğu tespit edildi ve
bunu sırasıyla Dulkadiroğlu, Göksun, Onikişubat, Turkoğlu, Elbistan, Afşin,
Ekinözü, Çaglayancerit, Pazarcik ve Nurhak ilçeleri takip etti. Her yabancı ot
türünün ortalama yoğunluğuna gelince; Elymus
repens (L.) Gould., Cynodon dactylon
(L.) Pers. ve Sorghum halepense (L.)
Pers. çok yoğun bulundu. Öte yandan, E.
repens, S. halepense ve C. dactylon rastlama sıklığı tüm
ilçelerde % 33.40 ile % 66.80 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, Equisetum arvense L. rastlama sıklığı
sadece Göksun ilçesinde % 50'den fazla görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yabancı
otların genel kaplama alanı E. repens,
S. halepense, C. dactylon ve E. arvense türleri için % 20.0 ila 42.0
arasında değişmiştir.

Genel Yorum: Kahramanmaraş'taki
kiraz bahçelerinde yapılan araştırmalarda, yüz altmış dört yabancı ot türü,
otuz üç familyaya ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlar, bir Pteridophyta, yirmi
dört Monokotiledon ve yüz otuz dokuz Dikotiledon’dur. Kiraz bahçesinde yabancı
ot yoğunluğu, rastlama sıklığı ve kaplama alanı ilçelere göre farklı
bulunmuştur. Ancak Andırın'daki yabancı ot türleri diğer ilçelerden daha fazla
yoğun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca E. arvense
sadece Göksun ilçesinde önemli bulunmuştur.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Kahramanmaraş
ili kiraz bahçelerinde tespit edilen yabancı ot tür yoğunluğu ilçeden ilçeye
değişkenlik gösterdiği bu çalışmayla ortaya konmuştur. Yabancı ot tür yoğunluğu
açısından rizom ve stolon köke sahip yabancı ot türleri kiraz ağaçları için
önemli bir tehdittir. Genç kiraz bahçelerinde geniş yapraklı yabancı ot türleri
çok yoğunken 15 ve üzeri yaşlı bahçelerde ise dar yapraklı yabancı ot türlerin
yoğun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yabancı otlarla mücadelede hem dar
hem de geniş yapraklı yabancı otlar hedef alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cherry orchards, weed, density

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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