Nijerya'da geleneksel balıkçılık yapan çiftçilerin refah düzeyleri: Etkili faktörler ve sorunlar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 588 - 600, 01.12.2022

Abraham Falola Ridwan Mukaila Temitope Esther Olonade İbrahum Adeshina Adedamola Moses Adewale

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1114623

Öz

Amaç: Geleneksel balık yetiştiriciliğinin balıkçılık sektörüne katkısına rağmen, bu balıkçıların refahı hakkında bilgi eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Nijerya'daki geleneksel üretim yapan balık çiftçilerinin refahını araştırmaktadır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada, betimsel istatistikler, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke indeksi ve çoklu regresyon ile analiz edilen 330 geleneksel üretim yapan balıkçılık işletmelerinden toplanan birincil verileri kullanmıştır. Sonuçlar, bu çiftçilerin kredi olanaklarına, standart tıbbi tesislere, kaliteli ve besleyici gıdaya, çocukları için kaliteli eğitime, barınağa, içilebilir suya ve çevre güvenliğine yetersiz erişime sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Çiftçilerin harcamalarında en yüksek payı (%52,42) ile gıda harcamaları alırken, gıda dışı harcamalar içinde çocukların eğitimi, barınma, giyim ve sağlık gibi temel hizmetler yalnızca %15,02'lik pay almıştır. Çiftçilerin göreli yoksulluk endekslerinin analizi, yoksulluk insidansının, derinliğinin ve şiddetinin sırasıyla 0.633, 0.165 ve 0.062 olduğunu göstermiştir. Refahları; cinsiyet, yaş, geleneksel balık yetiştiriciliğinden elde edilen gelir, diğer kaynaklardan elde edilen gelir, krediye erişim, hane büyüklüğü, çiftçilik deneyimi ve varlıklarından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Çiftçilerin refahının önündeki en büyük sorun, yetersiz kredi imkanları ve devlet desteğinin olmamasıdır.

Genel Yorum: Geleneksel üretim yapan balıkçı ailelerinin yaşam standartları ve refah düzeyi düşük, yoksulluk oranı yüksektir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, bu üretici grubunun refahını artırmak için ilgili kurumlar tarafından destek verilmesi gerektiği gösterilmektedir. Bu destekler; modern balıkçılık ekipmanları, yeterli ve gerekli teknik bilgiler, modern sağlık merkezleri, ücretsiz standart okullar ve düşük veya faizsiz kredilerin sağlanması şeklinde olabilir.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışma, geleneksel balık üretim yapan üreticilerin refahını ölçmek için harcama yaklaşımını kullanarak bilgi birikimine katkıda bulunmakta ve sonuçlar, geleneksel balıkçıların ve kırsal hane halklarının refahını iyileştirmek için politika yapıcılara referans noktası sağlama olarak hizmet edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kısıtlamalar, harcama yaklaşımı, Yoksulluk, Refah, geleneksel balık yetiştiriciliği

Artisanal fish farmers’ welfare in Nigeria: Drivers and challenges

Öz

Aims: Despite the contribution of artisanal fishery to the fishery sector, there is a dearth of information on the welfare of artisanal fish farmers. Therefore, this study investigated the welfare of artisanal fish farmers in Nigeria.

Methods and Results: The study used primary data collected from 330 artisanal fish farmers, which were analysed with descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index and multiple regression. The results indicated that the artisanal fish farmers had poor access to credit facilities, standard medical facilities, quality and nutritious food, quality education for their children, shelter, drinkable water and environmental security. While the highest share (52.42%) of farmers' expenditures was allocated to food expenditures, only 15.02% was allocated to basic non-food items such as children's education, shelter, clothing and health. Analysis of the relative poverty indices of the farmers showed that the poverty incidence, depth and severity were 0.633, 0.165 and 0.062, respectively. Their welfare was significantly influenced by gender, age, income from artisanal fish farming, income from other sources, access to credit, household size, farming experience and assets. The major constraints to the welfare of the farmers were inadequate credit facilities and a lack of government support.

Conclusions: The artisanal fishing households had a low standard of living, poor welfare and high poverty incidence. This study, therefore, advocates institutional support by relevant agencies to improve the welfare of this group of farmers. This could be in form of the provision of modern fishing equipment, adequate and necessary information, modern health care centres, free standard schools and loans at little or no interest rate.

Significance and Impact of the Study: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by using the expenditure approach to measure artisanal fishing households’ welfare and the results will serve as a reference point for policymakers to improve the artisanal fish farmers’ and rural households’ welfare.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artisanal fish farming household, Constraints, Expenditure approach, Poverty, Welfare

Kaynakça

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