‘Sweetheart’, ‘Regina’ ve ‘0900 Ziraat’ Kiraz çeşitlerinde meyve çatlamasının önlenmesine yönelik farklı uygulamaların etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 502 - 512, 18.12.2023

Burhanettin İmrak

https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1280017

Öz

Kiraz yetiştirciliğinde derim zamanına denk gelen uzun süren yağışlar meyvede çatlamaya neden olmaktadır. Bu durum ürün kaybına ve meyve kalitesinin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı uygulamaların Maxma14 anacı üzerine aşılı 7 yaşındaki ‘‘Sweetheart’ ‘Regina’ ve ‘0900 Ziraat’ kiraz çeşitlerinde ben düşme döneminde yapılan Biostimulant (Green Stim, Green Miracle), Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyici (GA3), Kalsiyum Klorit (CaCl2) ve kombinasyonu (CaCl2+GA3) uygulamalarının meyve çatlamasını önlenmesi üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 2020-2021 döneminde 1100 m rakımlı Adana ilinin Pozantı ilçesinde bulunan kiraz bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, derim zamanı, meyve kalite kriterleri (Meyve ağırlığı, SÇKM, meyve eti sertliği, pH, kabuk rengi) ve çatlama indexi saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak uygulamaların kontrolle kıyaslandığında, özellikle sertlik buna bağlı olarak da çatlama indexi değerlerinde büyük farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Çatlamaya en dayanıklı çeşitde %14 ile Regina ve bunu %19.04 ile 0900 Ziraat çeşidi izlemiştir. En hassas çeşit ise %31.20 ile Sweetheart çeşidi olmuştur. Green Stim en etkili uygulama olmuştur. Green Stim uygulaması Regina çeşidinde çatlamayı %85 oranında azaltarak %2 ye düşürmüştür. Benzer şekilde aynı uygulama Sweetheart çeşidinde %85, 0900 Ziraat çeşidinde ise %84 oranında çatlamayı önlediği saptanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre Green Stim uygulaması çatlamayı önleme üzerinde en etkili uygulama olmuştur. Üretici tarafından en çok kullanılan CaCl2 uygulaması ise özellikle çatlamaya daha hassas olan Sweetheart çeşidinde %57 oranında çatlamayı önlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kiraz, Çatlama, Biositimulant, Hormon, meyve kalitesi

Etik Beyan

Bu makalede insan veya hayvan deneklerle herhangi bir çalışma bulunmaması nedeniyle etik onaya gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Effect of different treatments to prevent fruit cracking in 'Sweetheart', 'Regina' and '0900 Ziraat' cherry cultivars

Öz

In cherry growing, heavy rains that coincide with the harvest time cause in fruit cracking. This causes product loss. In this study, Biostimulant (Green Stim, Green Miracle), Plant Growth Regulator (GA3), Calcium Clorit (CaCl2) and Combination (CaCl2+GA3) was aimed to effects of traitments on the prevention of fruit cracking. The study was carried out in the cherry orchard located in Pozantı, at an altitude of 1100m, in the period of 2020-2021. Harvest time, fruit quality criteria (fruit weight, SÇKM, firmness, pH, peel color) and cracking index were determined. The traitments compared to the control for all varieties, while there are great differences in the results of the cracking index, especially releated with hardness. The most resistant in terms of fruit cracking cultivar was detected Regina with 14%, followed by 0900 Ziraat cultivar with 19.04%. The most sensitive cultivar was Sweetheart with 31.20%. Green Stim has detected the most effective application. It reduced cracking by 85% to 2% in Regina cultivar. Similarly, it was determined that it prevented cracking 85% in Sweetheart cultivar and 84% in 0900 Ziraat cultivar. Green Stim application was the most effective application on preventing cracking. The most widely used CaCl2 application by the producer prevented cracking by 57%, especially in Sweetheart cultivar, which is more sensitive to cracking.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cherry, Cracking, Biositimulant, Hormone, Fruit quality

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

• Bilgener, Ş., Demirsoy, L., & Demirsoy, H. (1999). Bazı kimyasal uygulamalarının Türkoğlu kirazında meyve çatlaması ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması. Türkiye III. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Eylül, Ankara, pp. 14-17.
• Blanke, M., & Balmer, M. (2008). Cultivation of sweet cherry under cover. Acta Horticulturae, 795, 479. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.795.72
• Borve, J., Skaar, E., Sekse, L., Meland, M., & Vangdal, E. (2003). Rain protection covered sweet cherry trees – effects of different covering methods on fruit quality and microclimate. Horttechnology, 13, 143-148.
• Borve, J., Meland, M., Sekse, L., & Stensvand, A. (2008). Plastic covering to reduce sweet cherry fruit cracking affects fungal fruit decay. Acta Horticulturae, 795, 485-488.
• Christensen, J.V. (1996). ‘Rain-İnduced Cracking of Sweet Cherries: Its Causes and Prevention,’. In Cherries: Physiology, Production, and Uses. Webster, A.D., And Looney, N.E., Eds. Wallingford, Uk: Cab International, 297-327.
• Christensen, J.V. (2014). Cracking in cherries: IV. Physiological studies of the mechanism of cracking. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 22, 153-165.
• Cline, J.A., & Trought, M. (2007). Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of bing and sam sweet cherries. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 87 (3), 545-550.
• Correia, S., Oliveiraab. İ., Queirósab. F., Ribeiroa, C., Ferreiraac. L., Luzioab, A., Paula, A., Silvaab, P., & Berta Gonçalvesab, B. (2015). Preharvest application of seaweed based biostimulant reduced cherry (Prunus avium L.) cracking. Environmental Science, 29, 251-259.
• Correia, S., Schouten, R., Silva, A.P., & Gonçalves, B. (2017). Factors affecting quality and health promoting compounds during growth and postharvest life of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02166
• Correia, S., Queirós, F., Ribeiro, C., Vilela, A., Aires, A., Barros, A.I., Schouten, R., Silva, A.P., & Gonçalves, B. (2018). Effects of calcium and growth regulators on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) quality and sensory attributes at harvest. Scientia Horticulturae, 248, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.024
• Cristián, B., Héctor Ayala, H., Bastías, R.M., Gerardo Tapia, M., Ellena, M., Torres, C., Yuri, J.A., García, J.C., Ríos, J.C, & Silva, H. (2013). Cracking in sweet cherries: A comprehensive review from a physiological, molecular and genomic perspective. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 73 (1), 66-72.
• Demirsoy, L., & Bilgener, Ş. (2000). Meyve çatlamasına hassasiyet bakımından bazı kiraz çeşitlerinin kütikülar ve epidermal özellikleri üzerine kimyasal uygulamaların etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 24, 541-550.
• Eroğlu, D. (2014). Effect of preharvest calcium treatments on sweet cherry fruit quality. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 42 (1), 150-153.
• FAO (2023). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2022). http://faostat.fao.org
• Glenn, G.M., & Poovaiah, B.W. (1989). Cuticular properties and postharvest calcium traitments influence cracking of sweet cherries. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 114, 781-788.
• Greco, P., Palasciano, M., Mariani, R., Pacifico, A., & Godini, A. (2008). Susceptibility to cracking of thirty sweet cherry cultivars. Acta Horticulturae, 795, 379-382.
• IPCC (2015). Climate Change 2015: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis EXit EPA Disclaimer.
• İmrak, B. (2010). Bazı kiraz çeşitlerinin subtropik iklim koşullarındaki performansları ve çoklu dişi organ oluşumu sorununun çözümüne ilişkin araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, 193 s.
• Imrak, B., Sarier, A., Kuden, A., Kuden, A.B., Comlekcioglu, S., & Tutuncu, M. (2014). Studies on shading system in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) to prevent double fruit formation under subtropical climatic conditions. Acta Horticulture, 1059, 171-176. http://10.17660/Actahortic.2014.1059.21
• Imrak, B., Kuden, A., & Sarıer, A. (2018). Researches on 0900 Ziraat cherry cultivar prevent from fruit cracking. International Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences (IJANS), 1 (2), 142-145.
• Kafkaletou, M., Christopoulos, M.V., Ktistaki, M.E., Sotiropoulos, T., & Tsantili, E. (2015). ınfluence of rain cover on respiration, quality attributes and storage of cherries (Prunus avium L.). Journal of Applied Botany And Food Quality, 88, 87-96. http://10.5073/Jabfq.2015.088.012
• Kappel. F., & MacDonald, R.A. (2007). Early gibberellic acid sprays ıncrease firmness and fruit size of 'Sweetheart' sweet cherry. Journal- American Pomological Society, 61 (1), 38-43.
• Kaşka, N. (2001). Türkiye’nin sert çekirdekli meyvelerde üretim hedefleri üzerine öneriler. I. Sert Çekirdekli Meyveler Sempozyumu, Yalova, pp. 1-16.
• Khadivi-Khub, A. (2014). Regression association analysis of fruit traits with molecular markers in cherries. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 300, 1163-1173.
• Knoche, M., & Winkler, A. (2017). Chapter 7: Rain-induced Cracking of Sweet Cherries. In: Quero-García, J., Iezzoni, A., Puławska, J., Lang, G. (Eds.), Cherries: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI, pp. 140-65.
• Koumanov, S. (2015). On the mechanisms of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit cracking: Swelling or shrinking. Scientia Horticulturae, 184, 169-170.
• McGuire, R.G. (1992). Reporting of objective colour measurement. Hortscience, 27, 1254-1255.
• Measham, P.F., Bound, A., Gracie, J., & Wilson, S.J. (2009). Incidence and type of cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) are affected by genotype and season. Crop and Pasture Science, 60, 1002-1008.
• Özbek, S. (1978). Özel Meyvecilik. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 128 Ders Kitabı: 11 Adana 255 s.
• Özçağıran, R., Ünal, A., Özeker, E., & İsfendiyaroğlu, M. (2003). Ilıman İklim Meyve Türleri. Sert Çekirdekli Meyveler. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Cilt-I. ISBN: 975-483-580-2. İzmir. 553: P. 229.
• Özkaya, O., Dündar, Ö., & Küden, A. (2006). Effect of preharvest gibberellic acid treatment on postharvest quality of sweet cherry. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 4 (1), 189-191.
• Pawel, W., & Pawel, W. (2014). Effect of preharvest sprays of calcium on cracking and ‘Schattenmorelle’ sour cherry fruit quality harvested mechanically. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37 (9), 1487-1497. http://10.1080/01904167.2014.881875
• Rehman, M.Ur., Rather, Gh.H., Dar, N.A., Mir, M.M., Iqbal, U., Mir, M.R., Fayaz, S., & Hakeem, K.R. (2015). Causes and Prevention of Cherry Cracking: a Review. In: Hakeem, K.R. (Ed.), Crop Prod. Global Environ. Springer International Publishing Switzerland Issues, 543-552.
• Thomas, S., Petridis, A., Koukourikou-Petridou, M., Koundouras, S., Therios, I., Koutinas, N., Kazantzis, N., & Pappa, M. (2014). Efficacy of using rain protective plastic films against cracking of four sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars in Greece. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2 (6), 2319-1473.
• Usenik, V., Zadravec, P., & Stampar, F. (2009). Influence of rain protective tree covering on sweet cherry fruit quality. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 74, 49-53.
• Vursavuş, K., Kelebek, H., & Selli, S. (2006). A study on some chemical and physico-mechanic properties of three sweet cherry varieties (Prunus avium L.) in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering, 74, 568-575.
• Webster, A.D., & Looney, N.E. (1996). Principles and Practise of Plant Bioregulator Usage in Cherry Production. In Cherries (Crop Physiology, Production and Uses). Cambridge: University Press, pp. 279-298.
• Wermund, U., Holland, A., & Reardon, S. (2005). Cracking susceptibility of sweet cherries in the United Kingdom in relation to calcium application and covering systems. Acta Horticulturae, 667, 475-482.
• Yıldırım, A.N., & Koyuncu, F. (2010). The effect of gibberellic acid traitments on the cracking rate and fruit quality in the ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry cultivar. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (38), 6307-6311.