New Approaches from Gene to therapies: Non-Coding Nucleic Acids

Öz

RNA interference (RNAi) also called post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. In 2006, Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference in the nematode worm C. elegans, which they published in 1998. It is formed of several different pathways that facilitate gene silencing and negative regulation of expression through non-coding small RNA or RNA particles like small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), ribozyme and antisense oligonucleotides. Recently, these small sequences have become a powerful tool for gene silencing in biological studies. The aim of this review is informing the readers about RNAi by explaining the mechanism of molecules which play major role in

Anahtar Kelimeler

• RNAi
• miRNA
• siRNA
• ribozyme
• antisense oligonucleotide

GENDEN TEDAVİYE YENİ YAKLAŞIMLAR: KODLAMAYAN NÜKLEİK ASİTLER

Öz

Posttranskripsiyonel (transkripsiyon sonrası) gen susturma (PTGS) olarak da adlandırılan RNA interferans, RNA molekülünün, spesifik mRNA molekülünün yıkımına sebep olarak, gen ekspresyonunu inhibe ettiği biyolojik bir süreçtir. 2006 yılında, Andrew Fire ve Craig Mello, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodunda ‘Ribonükleik asit interferansı’ (RNAi) üzerine yaptıkları çalışma ile(1998 yılında yayınlanan) Fizyoloji ve Tıp dalında Nobel ödülüne layık görüldüler. Gen ifadesinin susturulmasını sağlayan RNAi yolakları, small interfering RNA (siRNA), mikro RNA (miRNA), ribozim ve antisens oligonükleotitler adı verilen küçük, protein kodlamayan ve gen ifadesinin negatif düzenleyicisi olan RNA ve DNA parçacıklarının aracılığıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Son yıllarda, bu küçük RNA ve DNA dizileri biyolojik araştırmalarda gen susturulması için kullanılan çok güçlü bir yöntem haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemede, RNAi yolağında kilit rol oynayan moleküllerin mekanizmasına değinerek RNAi hakkında okuyucunun bilgilendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• RNAi
• miRNA
• siRNA
• ribozim
• antisens oligonükleotit

Kaynakça

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