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Single-endoscopist Experience: ERCP Results, Complications, and Related factors

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 42, 10 - 17, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.810551

Öz

ABSTRACT

Background / Aims: This study aimed to report our single-endoscopist endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) experience, including ERCP success rate, complication rates and factors affecting them.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 573 patients who underwent ERCP from 2018 to 2020 at our clinic. Patients aged under 18 years, patients who had previously undergone ERCP at another center, patients using rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, patients with sedation-related complications , and patients using pancreatoxic medication were not included.
Results: The average age of the 573 patients included in the study was calculated as 58.6 (min. 18 - max. 104) years. In the examination of the success of cannulation, target duct was intubated in 93.9% (538/573) of the patients. In our study, the rate of post ercp pancreatitis was seen 7% , post ercp bleeding was observed as 1.2% , the rate of post ercp cholangitis was 0.9% , the post ercp perforation rate was 0.5% .When we compared the complications between successful and unsuccessful groups, there was a statistically significant difference in perforation and cholangitis (p<0.001 – p<0.001 respectively)
Concusions: There are some strategies to reduce and manage ERCP-related complications. Larger studies are needed to identify these strategies.

Kaynakça

  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruining DH et al. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017; 85(1):32-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051
  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Early DS, Ben-Menachem T, Decker GA, Evans JA, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA et al. Appropriate use of GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012; 75(6):1127-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.01.011
  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, Decker GA, Early DS, Eloubeidi MA et al. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 81(4):795-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.019
  • Freeman ML, Nelson DB, Sherman S, Haber GB, Dorsher PJ, Moore JP et al. Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(13):909-18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199609263351301
  • Andriulli A, Loperfido S, Napolitano G, Niro G, Valvano MR, Spirito F et al. Incidence rates of post-ERCP complications: a systematic survey of prospective studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102(8):1781-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01279.x
  • Williams EJ, Taylor S, Fairclough P, Hamlyn A, Logan RF, Martin D et al. Risk factors for complication following ERCP; results of a large-scale, prospective multicenter study. Endoscopy. 2007; 39(9):793-801. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966723
  • Wang P, Li ZS, Liu F, Ren X, Lu N-H, Fan Z-N et al. Risk factors for ERCP-related complications: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2008.5
  • Sharma VK, Nguyen CC, Crowell MD, Lieberman DA, Garmo P, Fleischer DE. A national study of cardiopulmonary unplanned events after GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.12.040
  • Patel D, Chopra S, Berman MD. Serious systemic toxicity resulting from use of tetracaine for pharyngeal anesthesia in upper endoscopic procedures. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34(6):882-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540273
  • Cotton PB, Lehman G, Vennes J, Geenen JE, Russell RC, Meyers WC et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991; 37:383-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(91)70740-2
  • Talukdar R. Complications of ERCP. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;30:793-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.007
  • Cheng CL, Sherman S, Watkins JL, Barnett J, Freeman M, Geenen J et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:139-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00380.x
  • Cheon YK, Cho KB, Watkins JL, McHenry L, Fogel EL, Sherman S et al. Frequency and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis correlated with extent of pancreatic ductal opacification. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:385-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.10.021
  • Cotton PB, Garrow DA, Gallagher J, Romagnuolo J. Risk factors for complications after ERCP: a multivariate analysis of 11,497 procedures over 12 years. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:80-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.039
  • Enochsson L, Swahn F, Arnelo U, Nilsson M, Lohr M, Persson G. Nationwide, population-based data from 11,074 ERCP procedures from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72:1175-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.047
  • Akashi R, Kiyozumi T, Tanaka T, Sakurai K, Oda Y, Sagara K. Mechanism of pancreatitis caused by ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55(1):50-4. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.118964
  • Pezzilli R, Romboli E, Campana D, Corinaldesi R. Mechanisms involved in the onset of post-ERCP pancreatitis. J Pancreas. 2002;3:162-8.
  • Freeman ML. Adverse outcomes of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 56(suppl):S273-82. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.129028
  • Ding X, Zhang F, Wang Y. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon J R Coll Surgeon Edinb Irel. 2015;13:218-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2014.11.005
  • Chen JJ, Wang XM, Liu XQ, Li W, Dong M, Suo ZW et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review of clinical trials with a large sample size in the past 10 years. Eur J Med Res. 2014;19(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-783X-19-26
  • Lee TH, Park do H, Park JY, Kim EO, Lee YS, Park JH et al. Can wire-guided cannulation prevent post- ERCP pancreatitis? A prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69(3 pt 1):444-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.064
  • Maeda S, Hayashi H, Hosokawa O, Dohden K, Hattori M, Morita M et al. Prospective randomized pilot trial of selective biliary cannulation using pancreatic guide-wire placement. Endoscopy. 2003;35(9):721-24. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41576
  • Kaffes AJ, Sriram PV, Rao GV, Santosh D, Reddy DN. Early institution of pre-cutting for difficult biliary cannulation: a prospective study comparing conventional vs. a modified technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(5):669-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.05.022
  • Maple JT, Keswani RN, Hovis RM, Saddedin EZ, Jonnalagadda S, Azar RR et al. Carbon dioxide insufflation during ERCP for reduction of postprocedure pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:278-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.12.050
  • Tse F, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, Leontiadis GI. Guidewire-assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12(12):Cd009662. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009662
  • Freeman ML, DiSario JA, Nelson DB, Fennerty MB, Lee JG, Bjorkman DJ et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective, multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:425-34. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.117550
  • Vandervoort J, Soetikno RM, Tham TC, Wong RC, Ferrari AP, Montes H et al. Risk factors for complications after performance of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:652-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70112-0
  • Lida T, Kaneto H, Wagatsuma K, Sasaki H, Naganawa Y, Nakagaki S et al. Can trainees safely perform endoscopic treatments for common bile duct stones? A single-center retrospective study. Intern Med (Tokyo, Jpn). 2018;57:923-28. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.9737-17
  • De-Madaria E. Statins for the prevention of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(12):1765-67. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2017.396
  • Kuoppala, J, Pulkkinen J, Kastarinen H, Kiviniemi V, Jyrkka J, Enlund H et al. Use of statins and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a population- based case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2015; 24(10), 1085-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3858
  • Lee PJ, Modha K, Chua T, Chak A, Jang D, Lopez R et al. Association of statins with decreased acute pancreatitis severity: a propensity score analysis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):742-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000956
  • Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruinig DH et al. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85:32- 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051
  • Chen M, Wang L, Wang Y, Wei W, Yao YL, Ling TS et al. Risk factor analysis of post- ERCP cholangitis: a single-center experience. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018;17:55-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.002
  • Subhani JM, Kibbler C, Dooley JS. Review article: antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(2):103-16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00452.x
  • Loperfido S, Angelini G, Benedetti G, Chilovi F, Costan F, Berardinis FD et al. Major early complications from diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;48(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70121-X
  • Szary NM, Al-Kawas FH. Complications of endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography: how to avoid and manage them. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;9:496-504.
  • Byl B, Deviere J, Struelens MJ, Roucloux I, Coninck AD, Thys JP et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious complications after therapeutic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20(5):1236-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.5.1236
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  • Oh HC, El H II, Easler JJ, Watkins J, Fogel EL, McHenry L et al. Post-ERCP bleeding in the era of multiple antiplatelet agents. Gut Liver. 2018;12:214-18. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl17204
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Tek Endoskopist Deneyimi; ERCP Sonuçları, Komplikasyonlar ve İlgili Faktörler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 42, 10 - 17, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.810551

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, tek endoskopist endoskopik retrograd kolanjiyopankreatografi (ERCP) deneyimimizi, ERCP başarı oranı, komplikasyon oranları ve bunları etkileyen faktörler dahil olmak üzere bildirmeyi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kahramanmaraş şehir hastanesiz gastroenteroloji kliniğine 2018-2020 yılları arasında ERCP uygulanan 723 hastadan geriye dönük veriler toplandı. 18 yaşın altındaki hastalar, daha önce başka bir merkezde ERCP uygulanan hastalar, rektal steroid olmayan antiinflamatuvar ilaçlar kullanan hastalar, sedasyona bağlı komplikasyonları olan hastalar ve pankreatoksik ilaç kullanan hastalar dahil edilmemiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 573 hastanın yaş ortalaması 58,6 (min. 18 - maks. 104) yıl olarak hesaplandı. Kanülasyonun başarısı incelendiğinde hastaların% 93.9'una (538/573) hedef kanala ulaşıldığı izlendi. Çalışmamızda ercp sonrası pankreatit oranı% 7, ercp sonrası kanama% 1.2, ercp sonrası kolanjit oranı% 0.9, ercp sonrası perforasyon oranı% 0.5 olduğu görüldü. İşlemde başarılı-başarısız gruplar karşılaştırıldığında başarısız grupta perforasyon ve kolanjitte istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark mevcuttu (sırasıyla p <0.001 - p <0.001).
Sonuç: ERCP ile ilgili komplikasyonları azaltmak ve yönetmek için bazı stratejiler vardır. Bu stratejileri belirlemek için daha büyük çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruining DH et al. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017; 85(1):32-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051
  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Early DS, Ben-Menachem T, Decker GA, Evans JA, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA et al. Appropriate use of GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012; 75(6):1127-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.01.011
  • ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, Decker GA, Early DS, Eloubeidi MA et al. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 81(4):795-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2014.11.019
  • Freeman ML, Nelson DB, Sherman S, Haber GB, Dorsher PJ, Moore JP et al. Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335(13):909-18. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199609263351301
  • Andriulli A, Loperfido S, Napolitano G, Niro G, Valvano MR, Spirito F et al. Incidence rates of post-ERCP complications: a systematic survey of prospective studies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102(8):1781-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01279.x
  • Williams EJ, Taylor S, Fairclough P, Hamlyn A, Logan RF, Martin D et al. Risk factors for complication following ERCP; results of a large-scale, prospective multicenter study. Endoscopy. 2007; 39(9):793-801. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966723
  • Wang P, Li ZS, Liu F, Ren X, Lu N-H, Fan Z-N et al. Risk factors for ERCP-related complications: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2008.5
  • Sharma VK, Nguyen CC, Crowell MD, Lieberman DA, Garmo P, Fleischer DE. A national study of cardiopulmonary unplanned events after GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007; 66(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.12.040
  • Patel D, Chopra S, Berman MD. Serious systemic toxicity resulting from use of tetracaine for pharyngeal anesthesia in upper endoscopic procedures. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34(6):882-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540273
  • Cotton PB, Lehman G, Vennes J, Geenen JE, Russell RC, Meyers WC et al. Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991; 37:383-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(91)70740-2
  • Talukdar R. Complications of ERCP. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016;30:793-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.007
  • Cheng CL, Sherman S, Watkins JL, Barnett J, Freeman M, Geenen J et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:139-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00380.x
  • Cheon YK, Cho KB, Watkins JL, McHenry L, Fogel EL, Sherman S et al. Frequency and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis correlated with extent of pancreatic ductal opacification. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:385-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2006.10.021
  • Cotton PB, Garrow DA, Gallagher J, Romagnuolo J. Risk factors for complications after ERCP: a multivariate analysis of 11,497 procedures over 12 years. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:80-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.039
  • Enochsson L, Swahn F, Arnelo U, Nilsson M, Lohr M, Persson G. Nationwide, population-based data from 11,074 ERCP procedures from the Swedish Registry for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;72:1175-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.047
  • Akashi R, Kiyozumi T, Tanaka T, Sakurai K, Oda Y, Sagara K. Mechanism of pancreatitis caused by ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55(1):50-4. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.118964
  • Pezzilli R, Romboli E, Campana D, Corinaldesi R. Mechanisms involved in the onset of post-ERCP pancreatitis. J Pancreas. 2002;3:162-8.
  • Freeman ML. Adverse outcomes of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 56(suppl):S273-82. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.129028
  • Ding X, Zhang F, Wang Y. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon J R Coll Surgeon Edinb Irel. 2015;13:218-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2014.11.005
  • Chen JJ, Wang XM, Liu XQ, Li W, Dong M, Suo ZW et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review of clinical trials with a large sample size in the past 10 years. Eur J Med Res. 2014;19(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-783X-19-26
  • Lee TH, Park do H, Park JY, Kim EO, Lee YS, Park JH et al. Can wire-guided cannulation prevent post- ERCP pancreatitis? A prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 69(3 pt 1):444-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.064
  • Maeda S, Hayashi H, Hosokawa O, Dohden K, Hattori M, Morita M et al. Prospective randomized pilot trial of selective biliary cannulation using pancreatic guide-wire placement. Endoscopy. 2003;35(9):721-24. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41576
  • Kaffes AJ, Sriram PV, Rao GV, Santosh D, Reddy DN. Early institution of pre-cutting for difficult biliary cannulation: a prospective study comparing conventional vs. a modified technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62(5):669-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2005.05.022
  • Maple JT, Keswani RN, Hovis RM, Saddedin EZ, Jonnalagadda S, Azar RR et al. Carbon dioxide insufflation during ERCP for reduction of postprocedure pain: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:278-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2008.12.050
  • Tse F, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, Leontiadis GI. Guidewire-assisted cannulation of the common bile duct for the prevention of post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12(12):Cd009662. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009662
  • Freeman ML, DiSario JA, Nelson DB, Fennerty MB, Lee JG, Bjorkman DJ et al. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective, multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:425-34. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.117550
  • Vandervoort J, Soetikno RM, Tham TC, Wong RC, Ferrari AP, Montes H et al. Risk factors for complications after performance of ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:652-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70112-0
  • Lida T, Kaneto H, Wagatsuma K, Sasaki H, Naganawa Y, Nakagaki S et al. Can trainees safely perform endoscopic treatments for common bile duct stones? A single-center retrospective study. Intern Med (Tokyo, Jpn). 2018;57:923-28. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.9737-17
  • De-Madaria E. Statins for the prevention of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(12):1765-67. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2017.396
  • Kuoppala, J, Pulkkinen J, Kastarinen H, Kiviniemi V, Jyrkka J, Enlund H et al. Use of statins and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a population- based case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2015; 24(10), 1085-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3858
  • Lee PJ, Modha K, Chua T, Chak A, Jang D, Lopez R et al. Association of statins with decreased acute pancreatitis severity: a propensity score analysis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2018;52(8):742-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000956
  • Chandrasekhara V, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, Acosta RD, Agrawal D, Bruinig DH et al. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85:32- 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.051
  • Chen M, Wang L, Wang Y, Wei W, Yao YL, Ling TS et al. Risk factor analysis of post- ERCP cholangitis: a single-center experience. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018;17:55-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.002
  • Subhani JM, Kibbler C, Dooley JS. Review article: antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(2):103-16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00452.x
  • Loperfido S, Angelini G, Benedetti G, Chilovi F, Costan F, Berardinis FD et al. Major early complications from diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;48(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70121-X
  • Szary NM, Al-Kawas FH. Complications of endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography: how to avoid and manage them. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;9:496-504.
  • Byl B, Deviere J, Struelens MJ, Roucloux I, Coninck AD, Thys JP et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious complications after therapeutic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20(5):1236-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.5.1236
  • Sauter G, Grabein B, Huber G, Mannes GA, Ruckdeschel G, Sauerbruch T. Antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:a randomized controlled study. Endoscopy. 1990;22(4):164-67. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1012830
  • Oh HC, El H II, Easler JJ, Watkins J, Fogel EL, McHenry L et al. Post-ERCP bleeding in the era of multiple antiplatelet agents. Gut Liver. 2018;12:214-18. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl17204
  • Mirjalili SA, Stringer MD. The arterial supply of the major duodenal papilla and its relevance to endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopy. 2011;43(4):307-11. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1256229
  • Wilcox CM, Canakis J, Monkemuller KE, Bondora AW, Geels W. Patterns of bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy, the subsequent risk of bleeding, and the role of epinephrine injection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:244-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04058.x
  • Verma D, Kapadia A, Adler DG. Pure versus mixed electrosurgical current for endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy: a meta-analysis of adverse outcomes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66(2):283-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2007.01.018
  • Morris ML, Tucker RD, Baron TH, Song LM. Electrosurgery in gastrointestinal endoscopy: principles to practice. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:1563-74. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.105
  • Katsinelos P, Paroutoglou G, Kountouras J, Chatzimavroudis G, Zavos C, Terzoudis S et al. Partially covered vs uncovered sphincterotome and post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:5077-83. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i40.5077
  • Enns R, Eloubeidi MA, Mergener K, Jowell PS, Branch MS, Pappas TM et al. ERCP-related perforations: risk factors and management. Endoscopy. 2002;34:293-98. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-23650
  • Tringali A, Cintolo M, Hassan C, Adler DG, Mutignani M. Type II-III ERCP-related perforations treated with temporary fully covered self-expandable stents. Dig Liver Dis (Off J Ital Soc Gastroenterol Ital Assoc Study Liver). 2017;49:1169-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2017.06.005
  • Christensen M, Matzen P, Schulze S, Rosenberg J. Complications of ERCP: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60:721-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02169-8
  • Stapfer M, Selby RR, Stain SC, Katkhuoda N, Parekh D, Jabbour N et al. Management of duodenal perforation after endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy. Ann Surg. 2000;232:191-98. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200008000-00007
  • Howard TJ, Tan T, Lehman GA, Sherman S, Madura JA, Fogel E et al. Classification and management of perforations complicating endoscopic sphincterotomy. Surgery. 1999;126:658-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70119-4
  • Lai CH, Lau WY. Management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforation. Surgeon (J R Coll Surgeon Edinb Irel). 2008;6:45-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-666X(08)80094-7
  • Avgerinos DV, Lıaguna OH, Lo AY, Voli J, Leitman IM. Management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: related duodenal perforations. Surg Endosc. 2009;23:833-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0157-9
  • Morgan KA, Fontenot BB, Ruddy JM, Mickey S, Adams DB. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography gut perforations: when to wait! When to operate! Am Surgeon. 2009;75:477-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/000313480907500605
  • Preetha M, Chung YF, Chan WH, Ong HS, Chow PK, Wong WK et al. Surgical management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-related perforations. ANZ J Surg. 2003;73:1011-14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.t01-15-.x
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Original Articles
Yazarlar

Ümit Karaoğullarından 0000-0003-4309-7845

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ekim 2020
Kabul Tarihi 5 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Karaoğullarından Ü. Single-endoscopist Experience: ERCP Results, Complications, and Related factors. mkutfd. 2021;12(42):10-7.