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ThinPrep sıvı bazlı sitoloji yöntemiyle hazırlanan servikal smear materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi, sito-histopatolojik korelasyon

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 46, 152 - 158, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.985667

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma; servikal sitoloji (SS) materyallerinde kalite açısından yeterlilik oranını, değerlendirme için yetersiz olanların nedenlerini, epitelyal hücre anormalliği (EHA) saptama yüzdesini, atipik skuamöz hücreler/ skuamöz intraepitelyal lezyon (ASH/SIL) oranını belirlemeyi ve sito-histopatolojik korelasyon ile tanı doğruluğunu değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Sıvı bazlı sitoloji (ThinPrep) yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanan 1368 SS materyali çalışmaya alındı. SS alınan kadınların klinik özellikleri, sitolojik değerlendirme sonuçları, mevcut olanlarda eş zamanlı veya sonrasındaki servikal doku biyopsi tanıları kaydedildi. Sitolojik değerlendirme sonuçları Bethesda 2014 sınıflamasına göre kategorize edildi. Doku biyopsisi tanısına ulaşılan 36 olguda sito-histopatolojik korelasyon yapıldı.
Bulgular: Elli bir (%3.7) SS materyali değerlendirme için yetersizdi. Skuamöz hücre azlığı en sık yetersizlik nedeni olup daha çok örneklemenin optimal şekilde yapılmamasıyla ilişkiliydi. Otuz sekiz SS örneğinde EHA mevcuttu (EHA oranı %2.9): 24 ASCUS, 1 ASC-H, 8 LSIL, 5 HSIL. ASH/SIL oranı 1.9’du. EHA’yı belirleme açısından, SS’nin doğruluk oranı, spesifitesi ve sensitivitesi sırasıyla %86, %91 ve %77 olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Tekrarlayan suboptimal veya yetersiz SS preparatlarıyla karşılaşıldığında laboratuvar aşamaları kontrol edilmeli ve gerekiyorsa, doğru örnekleme için ilgili kişilerle iletişime geçilmelidir. EHA oranı merkezlere göre farklılık gösterebilir. EHA’nın çoğunluğunu ASCUS oluşturur ve gereksiz ASCUS tanısı vermekten kaçınılmalıdır. ASH/SIL oranı ve sito-histopatolojik korelasyon güvenilir kalite kontrol yöntemlerinden olup her patolog veya merkez için belirlenmiş parametreler çerçevesinde kalite kontrol yapılmalıdır. Servikal biyopsi materyalleri değerlendirilirken mutlaka SS preparatı ile karşılaştırılarak incelenmeli, tanı uyumsuzluğu olan durumlarda rapora açıklayıcı notlar eklenmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • GLOBOCAN 2020, Global Cancer Observatory [cited 2021 May 25]. Available from: http//gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis
  • Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri, 2016 [cited 2021 May 25]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/istatistik/Turkiye_Kanser_Istatistikleri_2016.pdf
  • Abulafia O, Pezzullo JC, Sherer DM. Performance of ThinPrep liquid-based cervical cytology in comparison with conventionally prepared Papanicolaou smears: a quantitative survey. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;90(1):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00176-8
  • Zhu J, Norman I, Elfgren K, Gaberi V, Hagmar B, Hjerpe A et al. A comparison of liquid-based cytology and Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. 2007;18(1):157-60.
  • Siebers AG, Klinkhamer PJ, Vedder JE, Arbyn M, Bulten J. Causes and relevance of unsatisfactory and satisfactory but limited smears of liquid-based compared with conventional cervical cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(1):76-83. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0113-OA
  • Oliveira ACA, Domingues MF, Neufeld PM, Fleury M, Nogueira Neto JF. Comparison between conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology in the Tertiary Brazilian Navy Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Acta Cytol. 2020;64(6):539-546. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508018
  • Türkmen IÇ, Başsüllü N, Korkmaz P, Günenç B, Baykal CM, Güdücü N et al. Patients with epithelial cell abnormality in PAP smears: correlation of results with follow-up smears and cervical biopsies. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013;29(3):179-84. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01182
  • Türkmen İÇ, Usubütün A, Çakir A, Aydin Ö, Bolat FA, Akbulut M et al. What does the data of 354,725 patients from Turkey tell us about cervical smear epithelial cell abnormalities? - The epithelial cell abnormality rate is increasing - Quality control studies and corrective activity are musts. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2017;33(2):134-143. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2016.01380
  • Nayar R, Wilbur DC, editors. The Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. 3th ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
  • Sharma R, Ambroise MM, Ramdas A, Ravichandran K. Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional Pap smears. J Midlife Health. 2020;11(4):231-235. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_110_20
  • Gupta S, Sodhani P, Sardana S, Singh V, Sehgal A. Clinical determinants and smear characteristics of unsatisfactory conventional cervicovaginal smears. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;168(2):214-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.01.010
  • Quiroga-Garza G, Satrum LS, Trujillo CJ, Mody DR, Ge Y. Common causes for unsatisfactory Pap tests in a high-risk population: insights into a yet unresolved problem in gynecologic cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2014;3(5):256-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2014.05.003
  • Turkish Cervical Cancer And Cervical Cytology Research Group. Prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkey. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;106(3):206-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.04.003
  • Özgün G, Aydoğdu G. Distribution of uterin cervical lesions and relation between age and parity rates in the Mardin province. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013;29(1):46-50. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01147
  • Mutlu F, Çelik E, Kavak S B. Elazığ Kovancılar Devlet Hastanesi kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğine başvuran hastaların servikal smear sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. F. Ü. Sağ. Bil. Tıp Derg 2012;26(2): 61-63.
  • Simavlı S, Kaygusuz İ, Çukur S, Aksel F. Abnormal cervical cytology risk factors in the Western Black Sea Region and the importance of health insurance. Turk Patoloji Derg 2014;30(1):11-7. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01193
  • Renshaw AA, Deschênes M, Auger M. ASC/SIL ratio for cytotechnologists: A surrogate marker of screening sensitivity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(6):776-81. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPXANG59GPHJNU
  • Renshaw AA, Auger M, Birdsong G, Cibas ES, Henry M, Hughes JH et al. ASC/SIL ratio for cytotechnologists: A survey of its utility in clinical practice. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38(3):180-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.21167

Evaluation of cervical smear materials prepared by using ThinPrep liquid-based cytology method, cyto-histopathological correlation

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 46, 152 - 158, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.985667

Öz

Objective: This study aims to determine the adequacy ratio, the reasons of inadequacy, Epithelial Cell Abnormality (ECA) rate, the ratio of atypical squamous cells/ squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC/SIL), and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy with cyto-histopathological correlation, in cervical cytology (CC) materials.
Methods: The study included 1368 CC materials which were prepared by using liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep) method. Clinical characteristics of women who had CC, cytological diagnosis, and the diagnosis of simultaneous or subsequent cervical tissue biopsy were recorded. Bethesda 2014 system was used for the cytological diagnosis. Cyto-histopathological correlation was performed in 36 cases.
Results: Fifty-one (3.7%) CC materials were unsatisfactory for evaluation. Squamous cell deficiency was the most common cause and mostly associated with suboptimal samples. Thirty-eight patients had ECA (2.9%): 24 ASCUS, 1 ASC-H, 8 LSIL, 5 HSIL. The ratio of ASC/SIL was 1.9. The accuracy rate, specificity and sensitivity of CC for determining ECA were 86%, 91% and 77%, respectively.
Conclusion: When recurrent suboptimal or unsatisfactory CC preparations are encountered, laboratory steps should be checked and, if necessary, relevant people should be contacted for accurate sampling. ASCUS constitutes the majority of ECA and unnecessary diagnosis of ASCUS should be avoided. The ECA rate may differ depending on centers. ASC/SIL ratio and cyto-histopathological correlation are the most reliable quality control methods. Quality control should be performed for each pathologist or center. When evaluating cervical biopsy materials, they should be compared with the CC preparations, and explanatory notes should be added to the report in cases of diagnostic discordance.

Kaynakça

  • GLOBOCAN 2020, Global Cancer Observatory [cited 2021 May 25]. Available from: http//gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis
  • Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri, 2016 [cited 2021 May 25]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/istatistik/Turkiye_Kanser_Istatistikleri_2016.pdf
  • Abulafia O, Pezzullo JC, Sherer DM. Performance of ThinPrep liquid-based cervical cytology in comparison with conventionally prepared Papanicolaou smears: a quantitative survey. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;90(1):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00176-8
  • Zhu J, Norman I, Elfgren K, Gaberi V, Hagmar B, Hjerpe A et al. A comparison of liquid-based cytology and Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer. Oncol Rep. 2007;18(1):157-60.
  • Siebers AG, Klinkhamer PJ, Vedder JE, Arbyn M, Bulten J. Causes and relevance of unsatisfactory and satisfactory but limited smears of liquid-based compared with conventional cervical cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(1):76-83. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0113-OA
  • Oliveira ACA, Domingues MF, Neufeld PM, Fleury M, Nogueira Neto JF. Comparison between conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology in the Tertiary Brazilian Navy Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Acta Cytol. 2020;64(6):539-546. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508018
  • Türkmen IÇ, Başsüllü N, Korkmaz P, Günenç B, Baykal CM, Güdücü N et al. Patients with epithelial cell abnormality in PAP smears: correlation of results with follow-up smears and cervical biopsies. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013;29(3):179-84. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01182
  • Türkmen İÇ, Usubütün A, Çakir A, Aydin Ö, Bolat FA, Akbulut M et al. What does the data of 354,725 patients from Turkey tell us about cervical smear epithelial cell abnormalities? - The epithelial cell abnormality rate is increasing - Quality control studies and corrective activity are musts. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2017;33(2):134-143. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2016.01380
  • Nayar R, Wilbur DC, editors. The Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. 3th ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
  • Sharma R, Ambroise MM, Ramdas A, Ravichandran K. Predictors of unsatisfactory conventional Pap smears. J Midlife Health. 2020;11(4):231-235. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_110_20
  • Gupta S, Sodhani P, Sardana S, Singh V, Sehgal A. Clinical determinants and smear characteristics of unsatisfactory conventional cervicovaginal smears. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;168(2):214-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.01.010
  • Quiroga-Garza G, Satrum LS, Trujillo CJ, Mody DR, Ge Y. Common causes for unsatisfactory Pap tests in a high-risk population: insights into a yet unresolved problem in gynecologic cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2014;3(5):256-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2014.05.003
  • Turkish Cervical Cancer And Cervical Cytology Research Group. Prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkey. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;106(3):206-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.04.003
  • Özgün G, Aydoğdu G. Distribution of uterin cervical lesions and relation between age and parity rates in the Mardin province. Turk Patoloji Derg. 2013;29(1):46-50. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01147
  • Mutlu F, Çelik E, Kavak S B. Elazığ Kovancılar Devlet Hastanesi kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğine başvuran hastaların servikal smear sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi. F. Ü. Sağ. Bil. Tıp Derg 2012;26(2): 61-63.
  • Simavlı S, Kaygusuz İ, Çukur S, Aksel F. Abnormal cervical cytology risk factors in the Western Black Sea Region and the importance of health insurance. Turk Patoloji Derg 2014;30(1):11-7. https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2013.01193
  • Renshaw AA, Deschênes M, Auger M. ASC/SIL ratio for cytotechnologists: A surrogate marker of screening sensitivity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(6):776-81. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPXANG59GPHJNU
  • Renshaw AA, Auger M, Birdsong G, Cibas ES, Henry M, Hughes JH et al. ASC/SIL ratio for cytotechnologists: A survey of its utility in clinical practice. Diagn Cytopathol. 2010;38(3):180-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.21167
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Articles
Yazarlar

Hale Demir 0000-0002-0773-2824

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2021
Kabul Tarihi 21 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Demir H. ThinPrep sıvı bazlı sitoloji yöntemiyle hazırlanan servikal smear materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi, sito-histopatolojik korelasyon. mkutfd. 2022;13(46):152-8.