Araştırma Makalesi
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Post-Truth Döneminde Kriz İletişimini Yeniden Yorumlamak

Yıl 2018, , 368 - 382, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.368382

Öz

Değişen değerler ve teknolojinin baş döndürücü etkisiyle içine girdiğimiz yeniçağda organizasyonlar, geçmişte deneyimlediklerinden daha sık bir şekilde krizle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Dönüşüm kuşkusuz tarihin bütün dönemlerinde gerçekleşmiştir ancak hiçbir zaman günümüzdeki kadar hızlı, kapsamlı ve öngörülemez olmamıştır. İçinden geçtiğimiz dönemi, bilgi veya hakikati açıklamaya yönelmekten ziyade; anlatılara, onların anlamlarına ve ikna becerilerine odaklanılan post-truth (gerçek ötesi) dönem olarak adlandıranlar giderek artmaktadır. Modernizmin savunucusu olduğu nedensellik (rational paradigm) günümüz dünyasının karmaşıklığını ve olgularını açıklayabilecek nitelikte görünmemektedir. Bu perspektif, ve dönüşüm, kriz vakalarıyla karşı karşıya kalan organizasyonlar için de geçerlidir. Bu makale, kuruluşların içinden geçtiğimiz post-truth zamanlarda krizlerle nasıl başa çıkabileceklerine yönelik teorik bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Anlatı paradigmasının değerlere dayalı ve duygusal bir yaklaşım sunan çerçevesi, söz konusu yeni dönemde özellikle kriz iletişiminde kullanabilecek güçlü olanaklar sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, J. and Rainie, L. (2017). The future of truth and misinformation Online.Access:http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/10/19/the-future-of-truth-and-misinformation-online/
  • Baudrillard, J. (1994). Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.
  • Burnett, J.J. (1998). A strategic approach to managing crises. Public Relations Review, 24(4): 476-479.
  • Coombs, W.T. (2015). The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research. Business Horizons, 58(2): 141-148.
  • Denning, S. (2005). The leader's guide to storytelling: Mastering the art and discipline of business narrative. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Edelman Trust Barometer (2018) Ries, T., Bersoff D., Adkins, S., Armstrong, C., and Bruening J., Access:
  • https://cms.edelman.com/sites/default/files/201801/2018%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf
  • El-Bermawy, M. (2016) Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy, Wired. Access: https://www.wired.com/2016/11/filter-bubble-destroying-democracy/
  • Fink, S. (1986). Crisis management: planning for the inevitable. AMACOM, New York.
  • Fisher, W. R. (1984). Narration as a human communication paradigm: The case for public moral argument. Communication Monographs, 51, 1-21.
  • Fisher, W. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy of reason, value, and action. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
  • Gabriel, Y. (2000). Storytelling in organizations: facts, fictions, and fantasies. OUP Oxford.
  • Gramsci A., (2011). Prison notebook. Columbia University Press, New York. (Original work published 1940).
  • Griffin, E. A. (2009). A first look at communication theory. Boston, MA: McGraw– Hill.
  • Harari, Y. N. (2008) Yuval Noah Harari extract: ‘Humans are a post-truth species’ Access: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/aug/05/yuval-noah-harari-extract-fake-news-sapiens-homo-deus
  • Heath R. L. (1997). Strategic issues management: organizations and public policy challenges. Thousand Oaks.
  • Heath, R. L. and Millar, D. P. (2004). A rhetorical approach to crisis communication: management, communication processes and strategic responses. Millar & R. L. Heath (Eds.), Responding to crisis: a rhetorical approach to crisis communication (pp.1-18). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Heath, R. L. (2004). Telling a story: A narrative approach to communication during crisis. D. Millar & R. L. Heath (Eds.), Responding to crisis: A rhetorical approach to crisis communication (pp. 167–188). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • ICM-Institute for Crisis Management, (2017). Annual ICM Crisis Report, May 2017. Access: http://crisisconsultant.com/crisis-intel-reports/annual-crisis-report/
  • Kaczmarek, N. (2017). A look into the future of crisis messaging. Journal of Promotional Communications, 5(1):5-15
  • Kahraman, H.B. (2016). Bildiğimiz dünyanın sonundaki terör. Access: https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/kahraman/2016/12/14/bildigimiz-dunyanin-sonundaki-teror
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat sonrası çağ, (D. Özçetin Trans.) İzmir: Delidolu Yayıncılık.
  • Lash, S. 2007. Power after hegemony: cultural studies in mutation? Theory, Culture & Society 24 (3): 55–78.
  • Loewenstein, D.,Golman, R. and Hagmann, G., (2016). Information avoidance. Journal of Economic Literature, Forthcoming, 55(1), 96–135.
  • doi: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151245
  • Mauboussin, M., Callahan D. And Majd, D. (2017). Corporate longevity index turnover and corporate performance. Access:
  • https://researchdoc.creditsuisse.com/docView?language=ENG&format=PDF&sourceid=em&document_id
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., Levy, D., and Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Reuters institute digital news report 2018 (June 14, 2018). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018. Access: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3245355
  • Oxford Dictionaries, (t. y.). Access: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/post-truth
  • Pariser, E. (2011) The filter bubble: what the internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press.
  • Philips, R. (2017). Crisis, what crisis? The truth about trust. Access: http://jerichochambers.com/crisis-crisis-truth-trust/
  • Stencel, M., and Griffin, R. (2018). Fact-checking triples over four years. Access: https://reporterslab.org/fact-checking-triples-over-four-years/
  • Seeger M., and Sellnow, T. L. (2016). Narratives of crisis: telling stories of ruin and renewal. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Tutar, H. (2016). Kriz ve stres yönetimi (4. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Venette, S. J., Sellnow, T. L., and Lang, A. (2003). Metanarration’s role in restructuring perceptions of crisis: NHTSA’s failure in the Ford-Firestone crisis. Journal of Business Communication, 40(3), 219–236.
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. and Ara,l S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359, 1146-1151.
  • Yaktıl, G. (1995) Anlatı kuramı açısından hayallerim aşkım ve sen. Kurgu Dergisi, 13. Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11421/1159.

Reinterpreting Crisis Communications in the Post-Truth Era

Yıl 2018, , 368 - 382, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.368382

Öz

As we enter a new era marked by changing values, driven by disruptive technologies and leading to the erosion of trust, organizations today are facing crises at greater frequency than in the past. Transformation is a phenomenon that appears to have taken place in each and every period of history, but it has never been as rapid, comprehensive, and unpredictable as we observe it today. There are an increasing number of people who name the era that we currently live in as the post-truth era where the focus is on narratives, their significance, and their abilities of persuasion, rather than focusing on presenting knowledge or the truth. Causality, or the rational paradigm, that was defended by modernism, does not seem to have enough prowess to interpret today’s complexity and phenomena. This perspective and transformation are also valid for at organizations that encounter crises. This article gives a theoretical framework for scrutinising how organizations deal with obstacles within post-truth times. It suggests that the value-based and emotionally-driven framework of the narrative paradigm might be the most powerful communication approach adopted by an organization during a corporate crisis in this new era.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, J. and Rainie, L. (2017). The future of truth and misinformation Online.Access:http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/10/19/the-future-of-truth-and-misinformation-online/
  • Baudrillard, J. (1994). Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation. University of Michigan Press.
  • Burnett, J.J. (1998). A strategic approach to managing crises. Public Relations Review, 24(4): 476-479.
  • Coombs, W.T. (2015). The value of communication during a crisis: Insights from strategic communication research. Business Horizons, 58(2): 141-148.
  • Denning, S. (2005). The leader's guide to storytelling: Mastering the art and discipline of business narrative. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Edelman Trust Barometer (2018) Ries, T., Bersoff D., Adkins, S., Armstrong, C., and Bruening J., Access:
  • https://cms.edelman.com/sites/default/files/201801/2018%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf
  • El-Bermawy, M. (2016) Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy, Wired. Access: https://www.wired.com/2016/11/filter-bubble-destroying-democracy/
  • Fink, S. (1986). Crisis management: planning for the inevitable. AMACOM, New York.
  • Fisher, W. R. (1984). Narration as a human communication paradigm: The case for public moral argument. Communication Monographs, 51, 1-21.
  • Fisher, W. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy of reason, value, and action. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
  • Gabriel, Y. (2000). Storytelling in organizations: facts, fictions, and fantasies. OUP Oxford.
  • Gramsci A., (2011). Prison notebook. Columbia University Press, New York. (Original work published 1940).
  • Griffin, E. A. (2009). A first look at communication theory. Boston, MA: McGraw– Hill.
  • Harari, Y. N. (2008) Yuval Noah Harari extract: ‘Humans are a post-truth species’ Access: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/aug/05/yuval-noah-harari-extract-fake-news-sapiens-homo-deus
  • Heath R. L. (1997). Strategic issues management: organizations and public policy challenges. Thousand Oaks.
  • Heath, R. L. and Millar, D. P. (2004). A rhetorical approach to crisis communication: management, communication processes and strategic responses. Millar & R. L. Heath (Eds.), Responding to crisis: a rhetorical approach to crisis communication (pp.1-18). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Heath, R. L. (2004). Telling a story: A narrative approach to communication during crisis. D. Millar & R. L. Heath (Eds.), Responding to crisis: A rhetorical approach to crisis communication (pp. 167–188). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • ICM-Institute for Crisis Management, (2017). Annual ICM Crisis Report, May 2017. Access: http://crisisconsultant.com/crisis-intel-reports/annual-crisis-report/
  • Kaczmarek, N. (2017). A look into the future of crisis messaging. Journal of Promotional Communications, 5(1):5-15
  • Kahraman, H.B. (2016). Bildiğimiz dünyanın sonundaki terör. Access: https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/kahraman/2016/12/14/bildigimiz-dunyanin-sonundaki-teror
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat sonrası çağ, (D. Özçetin Trans.) İzmir: Delidolu Yayıncılık.
  • Lash, S. 2007. Power after hegemony: cultural studies in mutation? Theory, Culture & Society 24 (3): 55–78.
  • Loewenstein, D.,Golman, R. and Hagmann, G., (2016). Information avoidance. Journal of Economic Literature, Forthcoming, 55(1), 96–135.
  • doi: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151245
  • Mauboussin, M., Callahan D. And Majd, D. (2017). Corporate longevity index turnover and corporate performance. Access:
  • https://researchdoc.creditsuisse.com/docView?language=ENG&format=PDF&sourceid=em&document_id
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A., Levy, D., and Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Reuters institute digital news report 2018 (June 14, 2018). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018. Access: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3245355
  • Oxford Dictionaries, (t. y.). Access: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/post-truth
  • Pariser, E. (2011) The filter bubble: what the internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press.
  • Philips, R. (2017). Crisis, what crisis? The truth about trust. Access: http://jerichochambers.com/crisis-crisis-truth-trust/
  • Stencel, M., and Griffin, R. (2018). Fact-checking triples over four years. Access: https://reporterslab.org/fact-checking-triples-over-four-years/
  • Seeger M., and Sellnow, T. L. (2016). Narratives of crisis: telling stories of ruin and renewal. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Tutar, H. (2016). Kriz ve stres yönetimi (4. Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Venette, S. J., Sellnow, T. L., and Lang, A. (2003). Metanarration’s role in restructuring perceptions of crisis: NHTSA’s failure in the Ford-Firestone crisis. Journal of Business Communication, 40(3), 219–236.
  • Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. and Ara,l S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359, 1146-1151.
  • Yaktıl, G. (1995) Anlatı kuramı açısından hayallerim aşkım ve sen. Kurgu Dergisi, 13. Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11421/1159.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Serdar Tunçer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Kabul Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Tunçer, S. (2018). Reinterpreting Crisis Communications in the Post-Truth Era. Moment Dergi, 5(2), 368-382. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2018.2.368382