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Diyakronik Medya Etnografisi: Toplumsal Değişimden Fiili Toplumsal Değişimlere

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi, 19 - 43, 15.06.2017

Öz

Bu makalede medya ve toplumsal değişimler gibi zorlu bir meselenin etnografik olarak nasıl incelenebileceği sorusuyla ilgileniyorum. Bu amaçla bu konuya odaklanan medya etnografisi literatürünün yanı sıra Malezya ve İspanya’da yürüttüğüm kendi çalışmalarımdan da yararlanıyorum. Etnografların medya ve toplumsal değişime dair disiplinlerarası incelemelere katkı sunabilecek bir konuma sahip olduklarını ileri sürüyorum. Öte yandan bunu başarabilmek için mutlaka dikkatimizi medya ve “toplumsal değişim”den (yani her şeyin sürekli değişim halinde olduğu yönündeki tespitten) medyanın fiilî toplumsal değişimlerle ilişkisi bağlamında incelenmesine çevirmemiz gerekiyor—1970’li yıllardan 2000’lere Kuala Lumpur’da yaşanan banliyöleşme, İspanya’da Franco sonrası dönemde ahlâkın sekülerleşmesi ya da yine İspanya’da yeni indignados partilerinin 2015 yerel seçimlerinde gösterdikleri başarı bu tür değişimlere örnek teşkil edebilir. Etnografik anlamda şimdiki zamandan geçmiş zamana—muhtemel değişimlerden fiilî değişimlere—doğru böylesi bir geçiş toplumsal tarih adına etnografiden vazgeçmemizi gerektirmez. Aksine bu tür bir yaklaşım fiilî toplumsal değişimlerin aşama aşama ilerleyen biyografik mantığını kavrayabilecek yeni “diyakronik etnografi” türlerine ihtiyaç duyar. Bunun üstesinden gelebilmek için medya pratikleri, medya biçimleri ve faillerine dair sadece çok-alanlı (Marcus, 1995) değil aynı zamanda çok-zamanlı saha çalışmaları yürütmemiz gerekir. 

Kaynakça

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  • Askew, K. and R.Wilk (2002). The Anthropology of Media: A Reader, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Baird, K.S. (2015). Beyond Ada Colau: the common people of Barcelona en Comú, Open Democracy, 27 May 2015, https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/kate-shea-baird/beyond-ada-colau-common-people-of-barcelona-en-com%C3%BA
  • Bird, S.E. ed. (2010). The Anthropology of News and Journalism: Global perspectives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Boellstorff, T. (2008) Coming of Age in Second Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Boellstorff, T., B. Nardi, C. Pearce and T. L. Taylor (2012). Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton University Press.
  • Bonilla, Y. and J. Rosa (2015). #Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17.
  • Born, G. (2004) Uncertain Vision: Birt, Dyke and the reinvention of The BBC, Secker and Warburg.
  • Born, G. (2010) The Social and the Aesthetic: For a Post-Bourdieuian Theory of Cultural Production’, Cultural Sociology 4(2): 171-208.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1992). The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Cambridge: Polity Press.
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  • Boyer, D. (2011). News Agency and News Mediation. Social Anthropology 19 (1): 6-22.
  • Bräuchler, B., & J. Postill (Eds.). (2010). Theorising media and practice. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • Budka, P. (2011). From Cyber to Digital Anthropology to an Anthropology of the Contemporary? Paper to the EASA Media Anthropology Network 38th e-Seminar, 22 November – 6 December 2011. http://www.media-anthropology.net/index.php/e-seminars
  • Castells, M. (1999). ‘An Introduction to the Information Age’ in The Media Reader: Continuity & Transformation. Hugh Mackay & Tim O’Sullivan (eds), London: Sage: 398-410.
  • Cohen, S. (1973). Folk Devils and Moral Panics. St Albans: Paladin.
  • Coleman, G. (2010). Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media, Annual Review of Anthropology, 39: 487–505.
  • Coleman, G. (2011). Hacker Politics and Publics. Public Culture. Vol 23, No. 3, 511-516.
  • Coleman, G. (2014). Hacker, hoaxer, whistleblower, spy: The many faces of Anonymous. Verso Books.
  • Couldry, N. (2003). Media Rituals: a Critical Approach, London: Routledge.
  • Couldry, N. (2012). Media, Society, World. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Critcher, C. (2008), Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future. Sociology Compass, 2: 1127–1144.
  • Dick, H. and P. J. Rimmer (2003). Cities, Transport and Communications: the Integration of Southeast Asia since 1850. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dickey, S. (1997). Anthropology and its contributions to studies of mass media. International Social Science Journal XLIX 3, 413-427.
  • Eisenlohr, P. (2011), Introduction: What is a medium? Theologies, technologies and aspirations. Social Anthropology, 19: 1–5.
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2016). Overheating: the world since 1991. History and Anthropology, 27(5), 469-487.
  • Estalella, A. (2011). Ensamblajes de esperanza: Un estudio antropológico del bloguear apasionado. (Unpublished PhD thesis). Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona.
  • Eyerman, R. (2008). The Assassination of Theo van Gogh: From Social Drama to Cultural Trauma. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Fabian, J. (1983). Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Firth, R. (1959) Social Change in Tikopia: Restudy of a Polynesian Community. New York, Macmillan Company.
  • Freeman, J.D. (1999). The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead: A Historical Analysis of her Samoan Research, Bounder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Gell, A. (1992). The Anthropology of Time: Cultural Constructions of Temporal Maps and Images, Oxford: Berg.
  • Gershon, I. (2010). The Breakup 2.0: Disconnecting over New Media. Cornell UP.
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Ginsburg, F.D. (2008). Rethinking the digital age. In D. Hesmondhalgh and J. Toynbee (eds.) The Media and Social Theory. London: Routledge.
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  • Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things can make a big Difference. London: Brown Little.
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The Diachronic Ethnography of Media: From Social Changing to Actual Social Changes

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi, 19 - 43, 15.06.2017

Öz

In this article I address the challenge of how to study media and actual social changes ethnographically. To do so I draw from the relevant media ethnography literature, including my own research in Malaysia and Spain. I argue that ethnographers are well positioned to contribute to the interdisciplinary study of media and social change. However, to do so we must first shift our current focus on media and ‘social changing’ (i.e. how things are always changing) to the study of media in relation to actual social changes, e.g. the suburbanisation of Kuala Lumpur in the 1970s to 2000s, the secularisation of morality in post-Franco Spain, or the success of new indignados parties in Spain’s 2015 local government elections. This shift from the ethnographic present continuous to the past simple – a move from potential to actual changes – does not require that we abandon ethnography in favour of social history. Rather, it demands new forms of ‘diachronic ethnography’ that can handle the biographical, phase-by-phase logic of actual social changes. It also requires that we conduct not only multi-sited (Marcus, 1995) but also multi-timed fieldwork on specific congeries of media practices, forms and agents. 

Kaynakça

  • Adra, N. 1993. The 'Other' as viewer: reception of Western and Arab televised representations in Rural Yemen. In: P.I. Crawford and S.B. Hafsteinsson (eds.), The Construction of the Viewer: Proceedings from Nafa 3, pp. 255-269, Højbjerg: Intervention Press.
  • Askew, K. and R.Wilk (2002). The Anthropology of Media: A Reader, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Baird, K.S. (2015). Beyond Ada Colau: the common people of Barcelona en Comú, Open Democracy, 27 May 2015, https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/kate-shea-baird/beyond-ada-colau-common-people-of-barcelona-en-com%C3%BA
  • Bird, S.E. ed. (2010). The Anthropology of News and Journalism: Global perspectives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Boellstorff, T. (2008) Coming of Age in Second Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Boellstorff, T., B. Nardi, C. Pearce and T. L. Taylor (2012). Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton University Press.
  • Bonilla, Y. and J. Rosa (2015). #Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist, 42(1), 4-17.
  • Born, G. (2004) Uncertain Vision: Birt, Dyke and the reinvention of The BBC, Secker and Warburg.
  • Born, G. (2010) The Social and the Aesthetic: For a Post-Bourdieuian Theory of Cultural Production’, Cultural Sociology 4(2): 171-208.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1992). The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Boyd, D. (2009). Social Media is Here to Stay... Now What? Microsoft Research Tech Fest, Redmond, Washington, February 26.
  • Boyer, D. (2011). News Agency and News Mediation. Social Anthropology 19 (1): 6-22.
  • Bräuchler, B., & J. Postill (Eds.). (2010). Theorising media and practice. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • Budka, P. (2011). From Cyber to Digital Anthropology to an Anthropology of the Contemporary? Paper to the EASA Media Anthropology Network 38th e-Seminar, 22 November – 6 December 2011. http://www.media-anthropology.net/index.php/e-seminars
  • Castells, M. (1999). ‘An Introduction to the Information Age’ in The Media Reader: Continuity & Transformation. Hugh Mackay & Tim O’Sullivan (eds), London: Sage: 398-410.
  • Cohen, S. (1973). Folk Devils and Moral Panics. St Albans: Paladin.
  • Coleman, G. (2010). Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media, Annual Review of Anthropology, 39: 487–505.
  • Coleman, G. (2011). Hacker Politics and Publics. Public Culture. Vol 23, No. 3, 511-516.
  • Coleman, G. (2014). Hacker, hoaxer, whistleblower, spy: The many faces of Anonymous. Verso Books.
  • Couldry, N. (2003). Media Rituals: a Critical Approach, London: Routledge.
  • Couldry, N. (2012). Media, Society, World. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Critcher, C. (2008), Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future. Sociology Compass, 2: 1127–1144.
  • Dick, H. and P. J. Rimmer (2003). Cities, Transport and Communications: the Integration of Southeast Asia since 1850. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dickey, S. (1997). Anthropology and its contributions to studies of mass media. International Social Science Journal XLIX 3, 413-427.
  • Eisenlohr, P. (2011), Introduction: What is a medium? Theologies, technologies and aspirations. Social Anthropology, 19: 1–5.
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2016). Overheating: the world since 1991. History and Anthropology, 27(5), 469-487.
  • Estalella, A. (2011). Ensamblajes de esperanza: Un estudio antropológico del bloguear apasionado. (Unpublished PhD thesis). Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona.
  • Eyerman, R. (2008). The Assassination of Theo van Gogh: From Social Drama to Cultural Trauma. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Fabian, J. (1983). Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Firth, R. (1959) Social Change in Tikopia: Restudy of a Polynesian Community. New York, Macmillan Company.
  • Freeman, J.D. (1999). The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead: A Historical Analysis of her Samoan Research, Bounder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Gell, A. (1992). The Anthropology of Time: Cultural Constructions of Temporal Maps and Images, Oxford: Berg.
  • Gershon, I. (2010). The Breakup 2.0: Disconnecting over New Media. Cornell UP.
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Ginsburg, F.D. (2008). Rethinking the digital age. In D. Hesmondhalgh and J. Toynbee (eds.) The Media and Social Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Ginsburg, F., Abu-Lughod, L. and Larkin, B. (2002). Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
  • Gladwell, M. (2000). The Tipping Point: How Little Things can make a big Difference. London: Brown Little.
  • Gray, P. A. (2016). Memory, body, and the online researcher: Following Russian street demonstrations via social media. American Ethnologist, 43(3), 500-510.
  • Green, S., Harvey, P. and H. Knox (2005) ‘Scales of Place and Networks: an Ethnography of the Imperative to Connect through Information and Communications Technologies’, Current Anthropology 46 (5): 805-826.
  • Hinkelbein, O. (2008). ‘Strategien zur Digitalen Integration von Migranten: Ethnographische Fallstudien in Esslingen und Hannover’. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen.
  • Hobart, Mark (2000) 'The end of the world news: television and a problem of articulation in Bali.' International journal of cultural studies, 3(1). pp. 79-102.
  • Hopkins, J. (2012). The monetisation of personal blogging: assembling the self and markets in Malaysia. Unpublished Phd thesis, Monash University, Melbourne.
  • Horst, H.A., and D. Miller (2006) The Cell Phone: An Anthropology of Communication. Oxford: Berg.
  • Horst, H., Hjorth, L., & Tacchi, J. (2012). Rethinking ethnography: An introduction. Media International Australia, 145 (1), 86-93.
  • Hughes Freeland, F. (1998). (ed.), Ritual, Performance, Media. London: Routledge.
  • Hutchinson, S.E. (1996). Nuer Dilemmas: coping with money, war and the state. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
  • Ingold, T. (2000) The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill (London: Routledge).
  • Ingold, T. (2007) Lines: A Brief History (London: Routledge).
  • Jensen, R. (2007) ‘The Digital Provide: Information (Technology), Market Performance, and Welfare in the South Indian Fisheries Sector’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(3): 879-924.
  • Juris, J. S. (2008). Networking Futures: The Movements against Corporate Globalization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Juris, J. S. (2012), Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation. American Ethnologist, 39: 259–279.
  • Kelty, C. (2008). Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Kjaeruff, J. (2010a) Internet and Change: An Anthropology of Knowledge and Flexible Work. Hojbjerg: Intervention Press.
  • Kjaeruff, J. (2010b) A Barthian approach to practice and media: internet engagements among teleworkers in rural Denmark. In Bräuchler, B. and J. Postill (eds) Theorising Media and Practice. Oxford and New York: Berghahn.
  • Larkin, B. (2012) Comments on “Media and social changing since 1979: Towards a diachronic ethnography of media and actual social changes”. EASA Media Anthropology Network, e-seminar 42, http://www.media-anthropology.net/file/postill2_eseminar.pdf
  • Leach, Jerry and Edmund Leach (1983). The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim Exchange. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Madianou, M. (2012). Re: Theorising media and social change. Comment to the EASA Media Anthropology Network 40th e-seminar, 3 July 2012, http://www.media-anthropology.net/index.php/e-seminars
  • Madianou, M. and Miller, D. (2012) Migration and New Media: Transnational Families and Polymedia. London: Routledge.
  • Malaby, Thomas M. (2009): Making Virtual Worlds: Linden Lab and Second Life. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Mandel, R. (2002). A Marshall Plan of the mind: the political economy of a Kazakh soap opera. In: Ginsburg, F.D., Abu-Lughod, L. and Larkin, B., (eds.), Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain, pp. 211-228. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
  • Mankekar, P. (1999). Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: an Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India, Durham/London: Duke University Press.
  • Mankekar, P. (2008). Media and mobility in a transnational world. In D. Hesmondhalgh and J. Toynbee (eds.) The Media and Social Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography In/Of the World system: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography, Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95-117.
  • Mazzarella W. (2010) Beautiful balloon: the digital divide and the charisma of new media in India. American Ethnologist 37(4): 783-804.
  • Meyer, B. (2010). “There is a Spirit in that Image.” Mass Produced Jesus Pictures and Protestant Pentecostal Animation in Ghana. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 52 (1): 100-130.
  • Miller, D. (1992). ‘The Young and the Restless in Trinidad: a case of the local and global in mass consumption’ in R. Silverstone and E. Hirsch (eds) Consuming Technologies. London: Routledge.
  • Miller, D. (2011). Tales from Facebook. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
  • Miller, D. and D. Slater (2000) The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach. Oxford: Berg.
  • Miller, D., Costa, E., Haynes, N., McDonald, T., Nicolescu, R., Sinanan, J., and Wang, X. (2016). How the world changed social media. London: UCL Press.
  • Moeran, B. (2013). A Japanese advertising agency: An anthropology of media and markets. London: Routledge.
  • Moores, S. (2010). ‘“I Didn’t Realize How Attached I Am”: On the Environmental Experiences of Trans-European Migrants’, European Journal of Cultural Studies, 13(2), pp. 171-89.
  • Moores, S. (2012) Loose Ends: Lines, Media and Social Change Paper to the EASA Media Anthropology Network 40th e-Seminar, 19 June – 3 July 2012. http://www.media-anthropology.net
  • Nardi, B. (2010). My life as a night elf priest: An anthropological account of World of Warcraft. University of Michigan Press.
  • Nodo50 (2013) #15MP2P: tecnopolítica, ciberfetichismo y electoralismo, 9 July 2013, http://info.nodo50.org/15M2P2-tecnopolitica.html
  • Ortner, S.B. (1984). ‘Theory in Anthropology Since the Sixties’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(1), 126-166.
  • Osorio, F. (2001) Mass Media Anthropology. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Chile.
  • Peterson, M.A. (2003). Anthropology and Mass Communication: Myth and Media in the New Millennium. Oxford/New York: Berghahn.
  • Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2015). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. London: Sage.
  • Postill, J. (2002). Clock and calendar time: a missing anthropological problem. Time & Society, 11(2-3), 251-270.
  • Postill, J. (2008). Localizing the internet beyond communities and networks. New Media & Society, 10(3), 413-431.
  • Postill, J. (2009). ‘What is the point of media anthropology?‘ Social Anthropology 17(3), 334-337, 340-342.
  • Postill, J. (2014). Democracy in an age of viral reality: A media epidemiography of Spain’s indignados movement. Ethnography, 15(1), 51-69.
  • Postill, J. (2015). Fields: Dynamic configurations of practices, games, and socialities. In V. Amit (ed.) Thinking Through Sociality: An Anthropological Interrogation of Key Concepts. Oxford: Berghahn, pp. 47-68.
  • Postill, J. (forthcoming). The Rise of Nerd Politics: Digital Activism and Political Change. London: Pluto.
  • Postill, J., & Pink, S. (2012). Social media ethnography: The digital researcher in a messy web. Media International Australia, 145(1), 123-134.
  • Pype, K. (2011). Dreaming the Apocalypse. Mimesis and the Pentecostal Imagination in Kinshasa. Paideuma, 57 (June 2011).
  • Rabinow, P., Marcus, G. E. (with Faubion, J. D., Rees, T.) (2008). Designs for an anthropology of the contemporary. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Rafael, V. (2003). The cell phone and the crowd: messianic politics in the contemporary Philippines. Public Culture 15:3, pp. 399-425
  • Rao, U. (2010). News as Culture. Journalistic Practices and the Remaking of Indian Leadership Traditions. Oxford: Berghahn.
  • Reed, A. (2005). ‘My blog is me’: Texts and persons in UK online journal culture (and anthropology). Ethnos, 70(2), 220-242.
  • Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edn, New York: Free Press.
  • Rothenbuhler, E. (2005). Ground Zero, the Firemen, and the Symbolics of Touch on 9/11 and After. In Rothenbuhler, E. and M. Coman (eds). Media Anthropology. London: Sage.
  • Rothenbuhler, E.W. and Coman, M. (eds.) (2005). Media Anthropology, London: Sage.
  • Sahlins, M. (1985). Islands of History. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • Sandiumenge, L. (2015): La guerrilla digital de Colau, Districte 15, 23 May 2015, http://districte15.info/la-guerrilla-digital-de-colau/
  • Silverstone, R. and Hirsch, E. (eds.), (1992). Consuming Technologies: Media and Information in Domestic Spaces, London: Routledge.
  • Skuse, A. (2012) ‘Communication for Development and Public Diplomacy: insights from an Afghan radio drama’. In M. Gillespie and A. Webb (eds), Diasporas and Diplomacy: Cosmopolitan Contact Zones at the BBC World Service (1932-2012). Routledge, London.
  • Skuse, A., Gillespie, M., & Power, G. (2011) Drama for Development: Cultural Translation and Social Change. Sage Publications, New Delhi.
  • Slater, D. (2014). New media, development and globalization: making connections in the global South. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Slater, D. R. and Tacchi, J. (2004) Research: ICT Innovations for Poverty Reduction. New Delhi: UNESCO.
  • Spitulnik, D. (1993). Anthropology and mass media. Annual Review of Anthropology 22, 293-315.
  • Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. and A. Mohammadi (1994) Small Media, Big Revolution: Communication, Culture, and the Iranian Revolution. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Stammler, F. M. (2009). Mobile Phone Revolution in the Tundra? Technological change among Russian reindeer nomads. Folklore (Tartu) 41, 47-78.
  • Street, B. (1993). Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Street, B. (2001). Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives, London: Routledge.
  • Tenhunen, S. (2008). ‘Mobile technology in the village: ICTs, culture, and social logistics in India’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 14, 515-534.
  • Thong, L.B. (1995). Challenges of Super-Induced Development: The Mega-Urban Region of Kuala Lumpur – Klang Valley. In T.G. McGee and I. M. Robinson, eds., The Mega-Urban Regions of Southeast Asia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 315-317.
  • Turner, V.W. (1957). Schism and Continuity in an African Society: A Study of Ndembu Village Life. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Turner, V.W. (1974). Dramas, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Vidali, D. S. (2016). Multisensorial anthropology: A retrofit cracking open of the field. American Anthropologist, 118(2), 395-400.
  • Vidali, D. S., & Peterson, M. A. (2012). Ethnography as theory and method in the study of political communication. The SAGE Handbook of Political Communication, 264.
  • Wallis, C. (2011). Mobile Phones without Guarantees: The Promises of Technology and the Contingencies of Culture. New Media & Society 13, no. 3, 471-485.
  • Wellman, B., and C. A. Haythornthwaite. (2002). The Internet in Everyday Life. Oxford, Blackwell.
  • Wittel, A. (2001). ‘Toward a Network Sociality’, Theory, Culture & Society 18 (6): 51–76.
Toplam 114 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Açılış Makalesi
Yazarlar

John Postill Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Kabul Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi

Kaynak Göster

APA Postill, J. (2017). The Diachronic Ethnography of Media: From Social Changing to Actual Social Changes. Moment Dergi, 4(1), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.17572/moment.411573