Araştırma Makalesi
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Yarım Kalmış Gelecekler: Güney Afrika'da Enformel Bir Yerleşim Biriminde Altyapı ve Özlemler Üzerine Etnografik Düşünceler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi, 73 - 91, 15.06.2017

Öz

Bu yazı “yarım kalmışlık” meselesini saha çalışmasının temel niteliklerinden biri olarak ortaya koyuyor. Yazıda saha çalışmasının ontolojik ve dünyevi/zamansal bir koşulu olarak yarım kalmışlığın, insanların özlemleriyle altyapıya dayalı yaşam koşulları arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiden kaynaklandığını ileri sürüyorum. Yarım kalmışlığı saha çalışmasının doğasında var olan temel bir ilke olarak benimsemek, antropolojik araştırmanın nasıl yeniden yapılandırılabileceğine dair bir dizi potansiyel fikrin tartışmaya açılmasına da öncülük ediyor. Bu çalışmada Güney Afrika’da enformel bir yerleşim birimi olan Enkanini’de yürütülen saha çalışmasından elde edilen iki hikâye üzerinden, bu bölgede yaşayan insanların kendi özlemlerini içinde yaşadıkları özel altyapısal koşullarla nasıl müzakere ettikleri ve bu koşullarda nasıl idare edebildikleri anlatılıyor. Yanı sıra makale iShack adı verilen ve söz konusu yerleşim birimindeki çoğu hanenin güneş enerjisine dayalı elektriğe kavuşmasını sağlayan bir sivil toplum projesine de ışık tutuyor. Bölgede yaşayan insanların gelecek özlemlerinin şekillenmesinde yaşamsal bir rol üstlenen söz konusu proje, yarım kalmış geleceklerin doğmasına da vesile oluyor.

Kaynakça

  • Anand, N. (2015). Leaky States: Water Audits, Ignorance, and the Politics of Infrastructure. Public Culture, 27(2), pp. 305-329.
  • Appadurai, A. (2013). The Future as a Cultural Fact. London: Verso.
  • Biehl, J. and Locke, P. (2010). Deleuze and the Anthropology of Becoming. Current Anthropology, 51(3), pp. 317-351.
  • Biehl, J. (2014). Ethnography in the Way of Theory. In Das, V., Jackson, M., Kleinman, A., Singh, B., (Eds.), The Ground Between. Anthropologists engage Philosophy (pp. 94-118). Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Billo, E. and Hiemstra, N. (2013). Mediating Messiness: Expanding Ideas of Flexibility, Reflexivity, and Embodiment in Fieldwork. Gender, Place & Culture, 20(3), pp. 313-328. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cgpc20
  • Chalfin, B. (2016). Wastelandia: Infrastructure and the Commonwealth of Waste in Urban Ghana. Ethnos, pp. 1-24.
  • Faubion, J. D. and Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (2009). Fieldwork Is Not What It Used to Be: Learning Anthropology’s Method in a Time of Transition. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Fischer, E. (2014). The Good Life. Aspiration, Dignity, and the Anthropology of Wellbeing. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Ingold, T. (2007). Lines: A Brief History. London & New York: Routledge Classics.
  • Larkin, B. (2017). The Form of Crisis and the Affect of Modernization. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 39-50). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Larkin, B. (2013). The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42, pp. 327-343.
  • (Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/anthro )
  • Marcus, G.E., Rabinow, P., Faubion, J.D., Rees, T., (2008). Designs for an Anthropology of Contemporary. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Marcus, G.E. (2006). Where have all the tales of fieldwork gone? Ethnos 71(1), pp. 113-122.
  • Mbembe, A. and Roitman, J. (1995). Figures of the Subject in Times of Crisis. Public Culture, 7(2), pp. 323-352.
  • Mol, A., Moser, I., Pols, J. (2010). Care: Putting Practice into Theory. In Mol, A., Moser, I., Pols, J., (Eds.) Care in Practice. On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms, Bielefeld: transcript Verlag.
  • Nyamnjoh, F. (2015). Incompleteness: Frontier Africa and the Curreny of Conviviality. Journal of Asian and African Studies, pp. 1-18.
  • Nyamnjoh, F. (2012). Blinded by Sight: Divining the Future of Anthropology in Africa. Africa Spectrum, 47(2/3), pp. 63-92.
  • Ortner, S. (2016). Dark Anthropology and its others. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1), pp. 47-73.
  • Rabinow, P. (2003). Anthropos Today. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Redfield, P. and Robins, S. (2016). An index of waste: humanitarian design, dignified living' and the politics of infrastructure in Cape Town. Anthropology Southern Africa, 39(2), pp. 1-18.
  • Roitman, J. (2017). Africa Otherwise. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 23-38). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ross, F. (2010). Raw Life, New Hope. Decency, housing and everyday life in a postapartheid community. Cape Town: UCT Press.
  • Simone, A. (2017). Rough Towns: Mobilizing Uncertainty in Kinshasa. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 139-150). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Simone, A. (2004). People as Infrastructure. Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg. Public Culture, 16 (3), pp. 407-429.
  • Simone, A. (2001). On the Worlding of African Cities. African Studies Review, 44(2), pp. 15-41.
  • Von Schnitzler, A. (2016). Democracy’s Infrastructure: Neoliberalism, Techno-Politics and Protest after Apartheid. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Unfinished Futures: Ethnographical Reflections on Infrastructure and Aspirations in an informal settlement in South Africa

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi, 73 - 91, 15.06.2017

Öz

The paper introduces “unfinishedness” as a central feature of fieldwork. I argue that unfinishedness, as a temporal as much as ontological condition of fieldwork, is evoked through the complex relation of people’s aspirations and infrastructural life situation. In its consequence, the acceptance of unfinishedness as an inherent principle of fieldwork encounters opens up lines of thought about how to possibly reconfigure anthropological research. Based on field research in an informal settlement in South Africa, two particular field stories are presented that demonstrate how people negotiate their aspirations in conjunction with particular infrastructural conditions and how they get by in the meantime. Moreover, the article sheds light on the so called iShack project, a nongovernmental project, that has brought solar electricity to most households in the settlement. This particular project is crucial for the shaping of people’s future aspirations and gives way to states of unfinished futures.

Kaynakça

  • Anand, N. (2015). Leaky States: Water Audits, Ignorance, and the Politics of Infrastructure. Public Culture, 27(2), pp. 305-329.
  • Appadurai, A. (2013). The Future as a Cultural Fact. London: Verso.
  • Biehl, J. and Locke, P. (2010). Deleuze and the Anthropology of Becoming. Current Anthropology, 51(3), pp. 317-351.
  • Biehl, J. (2014). Ethnography in the Way of Theory. In Das, V., Jackson, M., Kleinman, A., Singh, B., (Eds.), The Ground Between. Anthropologists engage Philosophy (pp. 94-118). Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Billo, E. and Hiemstra, N. (2013). Mediating Messiness: Expanding Ideas of Flexibility, Reflexivity, and Embodiment in Fieldwork. Gender, Place & Culture, 20(3), pp. 313-328. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cgpc20
  • Chalfin, B. (2016). Wastelandia: Infrastructure and the Commonwealth of Waste in Urban Ghana. Ethnos, pp. 1-24.
  • Faubion, J. D. and Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (2009). Fieldwork Is Not What It Used to Be: Learning Anthropology’s Method in a Time of Transition. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Fischer, E. (2014). The Good Life. Aspiration, Dignity, and the Anthropology of Wellbeing. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Ingold, T. (2007). Lines: A Brief History. London & New York: Routledge Classics.
  • Larkin, B. (2017). The Form of Crisis and the Affect of Modernization. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 39-50). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Larkin, B. (2013). The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42, pp. 327-343.
  • (Retrieved from http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/anthro )
  • Marcus, G.E., Rabinow, P., Faubion, J.D., Rees, T., (2008). Designs for an Anthropology of Contemporary. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Marcus, G.E. (2006). Where have all the tales of fieldwork gone? Ethnos 71(1), pp. 113-122.
  • Mbembe, A. and Roitman, J. (1995). Figures of the Subject in Times of Crisis. Public Culture, 7(2), pp. 323-352.
  • Mol, A., Moser, I., Pols, J. (2010). Care: Putting Practice into Theory. In Mol, A., Moser, I., Pols, J., (Eds.) Care in Practice. On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms, Bielefeld: transcript Verlag.
  • Nyamnjoh, F. (2015). Incompleteness: Frontier Africa and the Curreny of Conviviality. Journal of Asian and African Studies, pp. 1-18.
  • Nyamnjoh, F. (2012). Blinded by Sight: Divining the Future of Anthropology in Africa. Africa Spectrum, 47(2/3), pp. 63-92.
  • Ortner, S. (2016). Dark Anthropology and its others. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1), pp. 47-73.
  • Rabinow, P. (2003). Anthropos Today. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Redfield, P. and Robins, S. (2016). An index of waste: humanitarian design, dignified living' and the politics of infrastructure in Cape Town. Anthropology Southern Africa, 39(2), pp. 1-18.
  • Roitman, J. (2017). Africa Otherwise. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 23-38). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Ross, F. (2010). Raw Life, New Hope. Decency, housing and everyday life in a postapartheid community. Cape Town: UCT Press.
  • Simone, A. (2017). Rough Towns: Mobilizing Uncertainty in Kinshasa. In Goldstone, B. and Obarrio, J. (Eds.), African Futures (pp. 139-150). London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Simone, A. (2004). People as Infrastructure. Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg. Public Culture, 16 (3), pp. 407-429.
  • Simone, A. (2001). On the Worlding of African Cities. African Studies Review, 44(2), pp. 15-41.
  • Von Schnitzler, A. (2016). Democracy’s Infrastructure: Neoliberalism, Techno-Politics and Protest after Apartheid. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler (Tema)
Yazarlar

Laurin Baumgardt Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Kabul Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1 - Etnografi

Kaynak Göster

APA Baumgardt, L. (2017). Unfinished Futures: Ethnographical Reflections on Infrastructure and Aspirations in an informal settlement in South Africa. Moment Dergi, 4(1), 73-91. https://doi.org/10.17572/moment.411576