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MANİPÜLE EDİLMİŞ ENFORMASYONEL BİR VİTRİN VE POPÜLİST BİR ENFORMASYON ALANI OLARAK TWITTER

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 - Medya ve Katılım, 492 - 515, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17572//mj2019.2.492515

Öz

Yeni medya teknolojilerinin ve sosyal medyanın iletişimsel alanı ne şekilde değiştirdiği üzerine pek çok akademik araştırma ve çalışma bulunmaktadır. Kullanıcı türevli içerik temelli sosyal ağların izlerkitleyi/okuru içeriğin tüketicisi değil üretici haline getirmesi, dijital sosyal platformların nasıl tanımlanması ve hangi teorik tartışmalar ekseninde analiz edilmesi gerektiğine ilişkin birtakım tartışmaların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada bu konuya Twitter özelinden bakılarak, insanlara söylem alanı sunan bir sosyal medya platformu olarak Twitter’ın Habermasçı bir yaklaşımla “dijital bir kamusal alan” mı, Hayekçi bir yaklaşımla bir “fikirler pazarı” mı, yoksa tabandan gelen taleplerin dile getirildiği “popülist bir enformasyon” alanı mı olduğu sorgulanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 30 gün boyunca, sabah, öğle ve akşam saatlerinde Türkiye’deki ve dünya genelindeki trend konuların ekran görüntüsü alınmıştır. Elde edilen 1800 trend konu Nvivo nitel analiz programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları Twitter’ın çevrimiçi bir kamusal alandan ziyade popülist taleplerin dile getirildiği bir enformasyon alanı ve manipüle edilmiş enformasyonel bir vitrin olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alvares, C., & Dahlgren, P. (2016). Populism, extremism and media: Mapping an uncertain terrain. European Journal of Communication, 31(1), 46–57. doi: 10.1177/0267323115614485
  • de Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., Aalberg, T., Reinemann, C., & Stanyer, J. (2018). Populism as an Expression of Political Communication Content and Style: A New Perspective. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), 423–438. doi: 10.1177/1940161218790035
  • DiNucci, D. (1999). Fragmented Future. Print Magazine. http://darcyd.com/fragmented_future.pdf
  • Engesser, S., Ernst, N., Esser, F., & Büchel, F. (2017). Populism and social media: how politicians spread a fragmented ideology. Information, Communication & Society, 20(8), 1109–1126. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1207697
  • Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text, (25/26), 56-80. doi:10.2307/466240
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Social Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Sage.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2018). Social Media and Populism: An elective affinity? Media Culture & Society, 40(5), 745-753. DOI: 10.1177/0163443718772192
  • Gordon, J. (1997). John Stuart Mill and the “Marketplace of Ideas”. Social Theory and Practice, 23(2), 235–249.
  • Habermas, J., & Habermas, J. (1991). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press.
  • Hawkins Kirk A., Riding Scott, Mudde Cas. (2012). “Measuring Populist Attitudes. Political Concepts Committee on Concepts and Methods.” C&M Working Paper
  • Hayek, F. A. (1991). The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hayek, F. A. von. (1945). The Use of Knowledge in Society. Inst. for Humane Studies. Hayek, F. A., & Caldwell, B. (2007). The Road to Serfdom: Text and Documents. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hindman, M. (2010). The Myth of Digital Democracy. Princeton University Press. Hofmann, M. (2017). Habermas’s Public Sphere: A Critique. Rowman & Littlefield
  • Kesler, M. (2019, Ocak 05). R Twitter’da Uzakdoğu tehlikesi. Hürriyet. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/twitterda-uzakdogu-tehlikesi-41073528
  • Liao, S., Wang, J., Yu, R., Sato, K., & Cheng, Z. (2017). CNN for situations understanding based on sentiment analysis of twitter data. Procedia Comput. Sci., 111, 376–381. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.037
  • Line, M. B. (2003). Democracy and information: transmitters and receivers. Library Management, 24(8/9), 386-392.
  • Moffitt, B. (2016). The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Moffitt, B. (2019). Populism 2.0 Social Media and the False Allure of “unmediated” representation In G. Fitzi, J. Mackert & B. S. Turner (eds.). Populism and the crisis of democracy Volume 2: Politics, Social Movements and Extremism (p. 30-46). New York: Routledge.
  • Morozov, E. (2011). The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Public Affairs. Mudde, C. (2004). The Populist Zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541–563. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
  • Mudde C. (2007). Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mudde C., Kaltwasser Cristóbal R. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Müller, J. W. (2019). Popülizm Nedir? İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • O’Connor, Brendan, Ramnath Balasubramanyan, Bryan R. Routledge, and Noah A. Smith. “From Tweets to Polls: Linking Text Sentiment to Public Opinion Time Series.” In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 122–129. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2010.
  • Schulz, W. (2004). Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept. European Journal of Communication, 19(1): 87–101. Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Republic.com. Princeton University Press.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Neither Hayek nor Habermas. Public Choice, 134(1-2), 87–95. Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Republic.com 2.0. Princeton University Press.
  • Webster, F. (2006). Theories of the Information Society. Taylor & Francis.
  • Twitter Trending Facts. (2019). https://help.twitter.com/en/using-twitter/twitter- trending-faqs

TWITTER AS A MANIPULATED INFORMATIONAL DISPLAY AND A POPULIST INFORMATIONAL SPHERE

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 - Medya ve Katılım, 492 - 515, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17572//mj2019.2.492515

Öz

There have been many scholarly articles and various research on how new media technologies and social media have affected the communicational sphere. New debates on how digital social platforms should be defined and in what context they should be discussed have emerged from the transformation of the audiences from being the consumers of content to producers of it as a result of the social networks based on user-generated content. In this research that focuses on Twitter, the research question has been formulated as whether Twitter should be seen as a Habermatian “digital public sphere” which provides people with a space for discourse, or a Hayekian “market for ideas”, or a sphere of “populist expression” where the demands of the public are heard. For 30 days, Twitter Trending Topics (TT) in Turkey and around the World have been collected regularly in the morning, afternoon and evening. Then, the 1800 TTs have been analyzed using Nvivo Qualitative Analysis Program. The results of the study indicate that Twitter is more a populist informational sphere where the demands of the public are heard and a manipulated informational display rather than an online public sphere.

Kaynakça

  • Alvares, C., & Dahlgren, P. (2016). Populism, extremism and media: Mapping an uncertain terrain. European Journal of Communication, 31(1), 46–57. doi: 10.1177/0267323115614485
  • de Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., Aalberg, T., Reinemann, C., & Stanyer, J. (2018). Populism as an Expression of Political Communication Content and Style: A New Perspective. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(4), 423–438. doi: 10.1177/1940161218790035
  • DiNucci, D. (1999). Fragmented Future. Print Magazine. http://darcyd.com/fragmented_future.pdf
  • Engesser, S., Ernst, N., Esser, F., & Büchel, F. (2017). Populism and social media: how politicians spread a fragmented ideology. Information, Communication & Society, 20(8), 1109–1126. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1207697
  • Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text, (25/26), 56-80. doi:10.2307/466240
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Social Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Sage.
  • Gerbaudo, P. (2018). Social Media and Populism: An elective affinity? Media Culture & Society, 40(5), 745-753. DOI: 10.1177/0163443718772192
  • Gordon, J. (1997). John Stuart Mill and the “Marketplace of Ideas”. Social Theory and Practice, 23(2), 235–249.
  • Habermas, J., & Habermas, J. (1991). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press.
  • Hawkins Kirk A., Riding Scott, Mudde Cas. (2012). “Measuring Populist Attitudes. Political Concepts Committee on Concepts and Methods.” C&M Working Paper
  • Hayek, F. A. (1991). The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hayek, F. A. von. (1945). The Use of Knowledge in Society. Inst. for Humane Studies. Hayek, F. A., & Caldwell, B. (2007). The Road to Serfdom: Text and Documents. University of Chicago Press.
  • Hindman, M. (2010). The Myth of Digital Democracy. Princeton University Press. Hofmann, M. (2017). Habermas’s Public Sphere: A Critique. Rowman & Littlefield
  • Kesler, M. (2019, Ocak 05). R Twitter’da Uzakdoğu tehlikesi. Hürriyet. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/twitterda-uzakdogu-tehlikesi-41073528
  • Liao, S., Wang, J., Yu, R., Sato, K., & Cheng, Z. (2017). CNN for situations understanding based on sentiment analysis of twitter data. Procedia Comput. Sci., 111, 376–381. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.037
  • Line, M. B. (2003). Democracy and information: transmitters and receivers. Library Management, 24(8/9), 386-392.
  • Moffitt, B. (2016). The Global Rise of Populism: Performance, Political Style, and Representation. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Moffitt, B. (2019). Populism 2.0 Social Media and the False Allure of “unmediated” representation In G. Fitzi, J. Mackert & B. S. Turner (eds.). Populism and the crisis of democracy Volume 2: Politics, Social Movements and Extremism (p. 30-46). New York: Routledge.
  • Morozov, E. (2011). The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Public Affairs. Mudde, C. (2004). The Populist Zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541–563. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
  • Mudde C. (2007). Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mudde C., Kaltwasser Cristóbal R. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Müller, J. W. (2019). Popülizm Nedir? İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • O’Connor, Brendan, Ramnath Balasubramanyan, Bryan R. Routledge, and Noah A. Smith. “From Tweets to Polls: Linking Text Sentiment to Public Opinion Time Series.” In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 122–129. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2010.
  • Schulz, W. (2004). Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept. European Journal of Communication, 19(1): 87–101. Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Republic.com. Princeton University Press.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Neither Hayek nor Habermas. Public Choice, 134(1-2), 87–95. Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Republic.com 2.0. Princeton University Press.
  • Webster, F. (2006). Theories of the Information Society. Taylor & Francis.
  • Twitter Trending Facts. (2019). https://help.twitter.com/en/using-twitter/twitter- trending-faqs
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tirşe Erbaysal Filibeli Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4642-2279

Orhan Şener Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0463-3257

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 - Medya ve Katılım

Kaynak Göster

APA Erbaysal Filibeli, T., & Şener, O. (2019). MANİPÜLE EDİLMİŞ ENFORMASYONEL BİR VİTRİN VE POPÜLİST BİR ENFORMASYON ALANI OLARAK TWITTER. Moment Dergi, 6(2), 492-515. https://doi.org/10.17572//mj2019.2.492515