SİNEMADA MODERNİZM VE POSTMODERNİZMİN İLERİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: KAÇIK PORNO FİLMİNDE METAMODERN DUYGU YAPISI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1 - Görsel Kültür, 115 - 135, 27.06.2022

Mehmet Sarı

https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2022.1.115135

Öz

İroni ve kuşkuculuğa merkezî konum atfeden postmodernizmin çağdaş görsel kültür ve sanatı anlamlandırmada yetersiz kalmaya başlaması ve hegemonyasını kaybedişi yeni açıklayıcı çerçevelere ihtiyacı doğurmuştur. Metamodernizm, değişen duyarlılığı ve zamanın ruhunu işaret eden bir söylem olarak, modern ve postmodern, umut ve nihilizm, ironi ve içtenlik gibi salınımlarla karakterizedir. Bu çalışmada metamodernizmin sinema sanatındaki tezahürleri Kaçık Porno (Radu Jude, 2021) filmi üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Filmin modern ve postmodern sinematik anlatı stratejilerini girift biçimde kullanışı irdelenerek sinemada metamodern etkinin üretimi araştırılmıştır. İkilikler üzerinden ilerleyen film modernizmin amaçladığı umut ve ilerleme ile postmodernizmin kinik ve ironik yaklaşımı arasında salınımlar gösterir. Modernizmi ve postmodernizmi inkâr etmeden aşmaya çalışan metamodernizmin ‘ileri dönüşüm’ stratejisini uygular. Post-ironik, samimi ve karnavalesk nitelikleriyle metamodern duygu yapısını somutlaştırır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metamodernizm, Modernizm, Postmodernizm, Duygu yapısı, Sinema

THE UPCYCLING OF MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM IN CINEMA: THE METAMODERN STRUCTURE OF FEELING IN BAD LUCK BANGING OR LOONY PORN

Öz

Postmodernism, which puts irony and skepticism in a central position, has started to be insufficient in making sense of contemporary visual culture and art and has lost its hegemony, resulting in the need for new explanatory frameworks. Metamodernism, as a discourse pointing to transforming sensibility and the zeitgeist, is characterized by oscillations such as between modern and postmodern, hope and nihilism, irony and sincerity. In this study, the manifestation of metamodernism in cinema has been discussed through Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn (Radu Jude, 2021). The production of the metamodern effect in cinema has been investigated by examining the intricate use of modern and postmodern cinematic narrative strategies. Moving through dualities, the film oscillates between the hope and progress aimed by modernism and the cynical and ironic approach of postmodernism. It implements the ‘upcycling’ strategy of metamodernism, which tries to overcome modernism and postmodernism without denying them. It embodies the metamodern structure of feeling with its post-ironic, sincere and carnivalesque qualities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metamodernism, Modernism, Postmodernism, Structure of feeling, Cinema

Kaynakça

• Abramson, S. (2018, 16 Nisan). On Metamodernism. Medium. Erişim https://medium.com/@Seth_Abramson/on-metamodernism-926fdc55bd6a
• Alber, J. ve Bell, A. (2019). The importance of being earnest again: Fact and fiction in contemporary narratives across media. European Journal of English Studies, 23 (2), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825577.2019.1640414
• Anderson, P. (2009). Postmodernitenin kökenleri (E. Gen, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim.
• Awards & Honours 2021. (2021). Berlinale Archive. Erişim 27 Ekim 2021, https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive-selection/archive-2021/awards-2021.html
• Barbieri, G. (2020). The emerging metamodern sensibility in narrative: A case study of Things Left Forgotten and The Dai Gyakuten Saiban games. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 1719. Erişim https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1719
• Bentley, N., Hubble, N. ve Wilson, L. (2015). Introduction: Fiction of the 2000s political contexts, seeing the contemporary, and the end(s) of postmodernism. Nick Bentley, Nick Hubble ve Leigh Wilson (Der.), içinde, The 2000s a decade of contemporary British fiction (s. 1-26). UK: Bloomsbury.
• Buçan, N. (2021). Bir metamodernist uygulama olarak performatist fotoğraf ve öznenin dönüşü. Uluslararası Disiplinlerarası ve Kültürlerarası Sanat, 6 (12), 261-297. Erişim https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijiia/issue/65416/1008227
• Damiani, J. (2017, 6 Aralık). Childish Gambino and the metamodern ennui: Why Because the Internet is the most significant album in recent memory. Erişim https://www.huffpost.com/entry/because-the-internet-chil_b_5485075
• Dember, G. (2016, 22 Nisan). The Ben Folds Five. Erişim https://whatismetamodern.com/music/the-ben-folds-five-metamodernism/
• Dember, G. (2018, 17 Nisan). After postmodernism: Eleven metamodern methods in the arts. Erişim https://medium.com/what-is-metamodern/after-postmodernism-eleven-metamodern-methods-in-the-arts-767f7b646cae
• Dember, G. (2020, 20 Mayıs). What is metamodernism and why does it matter? The Side View. Erişim https://thesideview.co/journal/what-is-metamodernism-and-why-does-it-matter/
• Drayton, T. (2021, 2 Ağustos). ‘Should I be joking in a time like this?’ Bo Burnham’s INSIDE as a metamodern response to crisis. Erişim https://medium.com/what-is-metamodern/bo-burnhams-inside-as-a-metamodern-response-to-crisis-1cef26dfe8ae
• Dumitrescu, A. E. (2016, 12 Nisan). What is metamodernism and why bother? Meditations on metamodernism as a period term and as a mode. Electronic Book Review. Erişim https://electronicbookreview.com/essay/what-is-metamodernism-and-why-bother-meditations-on-metamodernism-as-a-period-term-and-as-a-mode/
• Eshelman, R. (2008). Performatism, or the end of postmodernism. USA: The Davies Group Publishers. Gay, P. (2017). Modernizm sapkınlığın cazibesi Baudelaire’den Beckett’e ve ötesine (S. Erduman, Çev.). İstanbul: Everest.
• Gibbons, A. (2015). “Take that you intellectuals!” and “kaPOW!”: Adam Thirlwell and the metamodernist future of style. Studia Neophilologica, 87, 29-43.
• Gibbons, A. (2020). Metamodernism, the anthropocene, and the resurgence of historicity: Ben Lerner’s 10:04 and “the utopian glimmer of fiction”. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 62 (2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00111619.2020.1784828
• Hicken, S. (2018). Rapping in the clouds: Shifting identities and metamodern tendencies in internet hip-hop. Erişim https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/articles/jq085k57m
• Hitchcock, L. A. (2015). Kuramlar ve kuramcılar çağdaş düşüncede antik edebiyat (S. Pekşen, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim.
• Kadagishivili, D. (2014). Metamodernism as we perceive it (quick review). European Scientific Journal, 9 (10). Erişim https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/2400
• Kovács, A. B. (2010). Modernizmi seyretmek Avrupa sanat sineması, 1950-1980 (E. Yılmaz, Çev.). Ankara: De Ki.
• MacDowell, J. (2017). Quirky culture tone, sensibility, and structure of feeling. Geoff King (Der.), içinde, A companion to American indie film (s. 83-105). UK: John Wiley & Sons.
• MacDowell, J. (2021). Metamodern, quirky ve film eleştirisi. Robin Van den Akker, Timotheus Vermeulen, Alison Gibbons (Der.), içinde, Metamodernizm postmodernizm sonrası tarihsellik, duyuşsallık ve derinlik (Çev. Aykut Dalak) (s. 41-56). Ankara: Tün Kitap.
• Nichols, B. (2010). Engaging cinema an introduction to film studies. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
• Nichols, C. (2001). Dialogizing postmodern carnival: David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 43 (1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00111610109602168
• Orr, J. (1997). Sinema ve modernlik (A. Bahçıvan, Çev.). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat.
• Quintero, J. B. (2020). Post-postmodern cinema at the turn of the millennium: Paul Thomas Anderson’s Magnolia. Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, 24, 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/REN.2020.i24.01
• Pop, D. (2021). The Essay as mode of expression and the essayistic practices in Radu Jude’s cinema. Ekphrasis Images, Cinema, Theory, Media, 26 (2), 174-192. https://doi.org/10.24193/ekphrasis.26.12
• Radchenko, S. (2020). Metamodern gaming: Literary analysis of The Last of Us. Interlitteraria, 25 (1), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.12697/IL.2020.25.1.20
• Rustad, G. C. ve Schwind, K. H. (2021). Artık güldürmeyen şaka: ‘Metamodern sitkom’daki yansımalar. Robin Van den Akker, Timotheus Vermeulen, Alison Gibbons (Der.), içinde, Metamodernizm postmodernizm sonrası tarihsellik, duyuşsallık ve derinlik (Çev. Aykut Dalak) (s. 159-173). Ankara: Tün Kitap.
• Schwarz, A. A. (2014, 8 Nisan). On LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner’s metamodern performance art. Erişim http://www.metamodernism.com/2014/04/08/on-shia-labeoufs-metamodern-performance-art/
• Shabanova, Y. O. (2020). Metamodernism man in the worldview dimension of new cultural paradigm. Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, 18, 121-131. https://doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i18.221402
• Stam, R. (2014). Sinema teorisine giriş (S. Salman ve Ç. Asatekin, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Stam, R. (2021). Yıkıcı film medya estetiğinde anahtar sözcükler (O. Orhangazi, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
• Turner, L. (2011). The Metamodernist Manifesto. Erişim http://www.metamodernism.org/
• Turner, L. (2015, 12 Ocak). Metamodernism: A brief introduction. Erişim https://www.metamodernism.com/2015/01/12/metamodernism-a-brief-introduction/
• Van den Akker, R. ve Vermeulen, T. (2021). 2000’leri dönemselleştirmek ya da metamodernizmin ortaya çıkışı. Robin Van den Akker, Timotheus Vermeulen, Alison Gibbons (Der.), içinde, Metamodernizm postmodernizm sonrası tarihsellik, duyuşsallık ve derinlik (Çev. Aykut Dalak) (s. 5-36). Ankara: Tün Kitap.
• Van der Merwe, J. (2017). Notes towards a metamodernist aesthetic with reference to post-millennial literary works [Doktora tezi]. North-West University, Güney Afrika.
• Vermeulen, T. ve Van den Akker, R. (2010). Notes on metamodernism. Journal of Aesthetics & Culture, 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.3402/jac.v2i0.5677
• Vermeulen, T. ve Van den Akker, R. (2015, 3 Haziran). Misunderstandings and clarifications. Erişim https://www.metamodernism.com/2015/06/03/misunderstandings-and-clarifications/
• Vermeulen, T. (2012). Interview by Cher Potter. Thank Magazine, 55. Erişim https://tankmagazine.com/issue-55/talk/timotheus-vermeulen
• Williams, R. (2015). Structures of feeling. Devika Sharma, Frederik Tygstrup (Der.), içinde, Structures of feeling affectivity and the study of culture (s. 20-25). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH.