Araştırma Makalesi
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İstanbul’da Kent Tarımının Çelişkili Yörüngesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 - Yemek Kültürleri, 30 - 47, 19.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2023.1.3047

Öz

Bu makale, gıda hareketinin İstanbul'daki kent tarımı uygulamalarıyla dolambaçlı ilişkisini Yedikule Bostanları ve Kuzguncuk Bostanı örnekleri üzerinden incelemektedir. Makalede, kentsel tarım girişimleri olan bu iki örneğin farklı paydaşları bir araya getirerek topluluk oluşturmak ve kentte gıda üretimini teşvik etmek gibi iki kritik işlevi olduğu ortaya konmaktadır. Bununla beraber, oluşturulan topluluklar birbirinden oldukça farklı odaklara ve amaçlara sahiptir. Dahası, örneklerde hayata geçirilen kent tarımı uygulamaları, kent alanları için alternatif kullanımlar önerseler de gıda hareketinin altını çizdiği yapısal sorunlara çözüm olacak nitelik taşımamaktadırlar

Kaynakça

  • Agyeman, J., & McEntee, J. (2014). Moving the Field of Food Justice Forward Through the Lens of Urban Political Ecology. Geography Compass, 8(3), 211-220.
  • Alaimo, L., Packnett, E., Miles, R., & Kruger, D. (2007). Fruit and vegetable intake among urban community gardeners. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 3(4), 94-101.
  • Arnavutköy Belediyesi. (2021). Hobi Bahçesi. Retrieved from Arnavutköy Belediyesi: https://www.arnavutkoy.bel.tr/tesis/hobi-bahcesi
  • Baker, L. (2004). Tending Cultural Landscapes and Food Citizenship in Toronto's Community Gardens. Geographical Review, 94(3), 305-325.
  • Beylikdüzü Belediyesi. (2021). Hobi Bahçeleri. Retrieved from Beylikdüzü Belediyesi: https://www.beylikduzu.istanbul/icerik/hobi-bahceleri-3--donem-kayitlari
  • Bilgin, A. (2010). Osmanlı dönemi İstanbul bostanları (bir giriş denemesi). Yemek ve Kültür(20), pp. 86-97.
  • Bilgin, İ. (2018, Jan 5). Yedikule Bostanları Tarihçesi. Retrieved from Yedikule Bostanları: https://khasyedikulebostanlari.wordpress.com/2018/01/05/286/
  • Binns, J., Maconachie, R., & Tanko, A. (2003). Water, Land and Health in Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production: The Case of Kano, Nigeria. Land Degradation & Development, 14, 431-444.
  • Blair, D., Giesecke, C., & Sherman, S. (1991). A Dietary, Social and Economic Evaluation of the Philadelphia Urban Gardening Project. Journal of Nutrition Education, 23(4), 161-167.
  • Crossan, J., Cumbers, A., McMaster, R., & Shaw, D. (2016). Contesting neoliberal urbanism in Glasgow's Community Gardens: The Practice of DIY Citizenship. Antipode, 48(4), 937-955.
  • Dayanışma Mimarlığı. (2017). İlya'nın Kuzguncuk Bostanı. İstanbul: Dayanışma Mimarlığı.
  • Dündaralp, B. (2017). Kuzguncuk Bostanı. Bostan Hikayeleri, pp. 10-15.
  • Eizenberg, E. (2012). Actually Existing Commons: Three Moments of Space of Community Gardens in New York City. Antipode, 44(3), 764-782.
  • FAO. (2023). Food security and the right to food. Retrieved from Sustainable Development Goals: https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/overview/fao-and-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development/food-security-and-the-right-to-food/en/
  • FAO. (2023). Türkiye. Retrieved from FAOSTAT: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#country/223 FAO, Rikolto and RUAF. (2022). Urban and peri-urban agriculture sourcebook – From production to food systems. Rome, FAO and Rikolto. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9722en
  • Fatih Belediyesi. (2021). Yedikule Bahçe Birimi. Retrieved from Fatih Belediyesi: https://www.fatih.bel.tr/tr-TR/yedikule-bahce-birimi
  • Gallaher, C.M., Kerr, J.M., Njenga, M. et al. (2013). Urban Agriculture, social capital, and food security in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya. Agriculture and Human Values, 30, 389-404.
  • Ghose, R., & Pettygrove, M. (2014). Urban Community Garden as Spaces of Citizenship. Antipode, 46(4), 1092-1112.
  • Glowa, M. (2017). Urban Agriculture, Food Justice and Neoliberal Urbanization: Rebuilding the Institution of Property. In A. H. Alkon, & J. Guthman, The New Food Activism: Opposition, Cooperation and Collective Action (pp. 232-256). Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
  • Guthman, J. (2007). The Polanyian way? Voluntary food labels as neoliberal governance. Antipode, 39(3), 456-478.
  • Kaldijan, P. (2003). Urban food security, the rural hinterland, and Istanbul's lower income migrant households. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa, 5, 317-337.
  • Kaldijan, P. (2004, July). Istanbul's Bostans: A Millenium of Market Gardens. Geographical Review, 94(3), 284-304.
  • Kanbak, A. (2016). İstanbul Yedikule Bostanları: Bir Yeniden Üretim Pratiği. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 166-180.
  • Keyder, Ç. (1999a). The Setting. In Ç. Keyder, Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local (pp. 3-28). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Keyder, Ç. (1999b). A Tale of Two Neighborhoods. In Ç. Keyder, Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local (pp. 173-186). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Keyder, Ç., & Yenal, Z. (2014). Bildiğimiz Tarımın Sonu: Küresel İktidar ve Köylülük. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kut, T. (2010). İstanbul'un Suriçi Bostanları. Yemek ve Kültür (22), pp. 48-59. La Via Campesina. (2021). Food Sovereignty, a Manifesto for the Future of Our Planet. Retrieved from La Via Campesina International Peasants' Movement: https://viacampesina.org/en/food-sovereignty-a-manifesto-for-the-future-of-our-planet-la-via-campesina/
  • McClintock, N. (2014). Radical, reformist, and garden-variety neo-liberal: Coming to terms with urban agriculture's contradictions. Local Environment, 19(2), 147-171. Meadow, A. (2013). Alternative Food Systems at Ground Level: The Fairbanks Community Garden. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 16(1), 76-84.
  • Oda Projesi. (2010). Kent toprağının asıl sahipleri. Yemek ve Kültür(20), pp. 99- 119.
  • Passidomo, C. (2014). Whose right to (farm) the city? Race and food justice activism in post-Katrina New Orleans. Agriculture & Human Values (31), 385-396.
  • Poulsen, M., McNab, P., Clayton, M., & Neff, R. (2015). A systematic review of urban agriculture and food security impacts in low-income countries. Food Policy, 55, 131-146.
  • Purcell, M., & Tyman, S. (2015). Cultivating food as a right to the city. Local Environment, 20(10), 1132-1147.
  • Rosol, M. (2011). Community volunteering as neoliberal strategy? Green space production in Berlin. Antipode, 44(1), 239-257.
  • Roy, P. (2019). Community gardening for integrated urban renewal in Copenhagen: Securing or denying minorities' right to the city? In C. Certoma, S. Noori, & M. Sondermann, Urban Gardening and the Struggle for Social and Spatial Justice (pp. 91-107). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Shopov, A., & Han, A. (2013). Osmanlı İstanbul'unda Kent İçi Tarımsal Toprak Kullanımı ve Dönüşümleri. Toplumsal Tarih (236), pp. 34-38.
  • Smith, C., & Kurtz, H. (2003). Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City. Geographical Review, 93(2), 193-212.
  • Tarihi Yedikule Bostanlari. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tumblr.com:
  • http://yedikulebostanlari.tumblr.com/
  • Tekeli, I. (2013). Istanbul'un Planlamasinin ve Gelisiminin Oykusu. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2014). Kent, Kentli Hakları, Kentleşme ve Kentsel Dönüşüm. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Tornaghi, C. (2014). Critical geography of urban agriculture. Progess in Human Geography, 38(4), 551-567.
  • Tornaghi, C. (2017). Urban Agriculture in the Food Disabling City: (Re)definign Urban Food Justice, Reimagining a Politics of Empowerment. Antipode, 49(3), 781-801.
  • Tunç, B. (2015). Çok Sesli Mekansal Pratiklerde Katılımcılığın Rolü: Kuzguncuk ve Yedikule Bostanları. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı Mimarı Tasarım Programı.
  • Turan, E. (2015). Gardens of Resistance: Agriculture in the Yedikule Market Gardens. MA Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Social Sciences, Cultural Studies Programme, Istanbul Bilgi University.
  • White, C., Shopov, A., & Ostovich, M. (2015). An Archeology of Sustenance: The Endangered Market Gardens of Istanbul. In J. Cherry, & F. Rojas, Archeology for the People: Joukowsky Institute Perspectives (pp. 29-38). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Yedikule Bostanlari. (n.d.). Retrieved from Arktera v5.0:
  • http://www.arkitera.com/etiket/31811/yedikule-bostanlari
  • Yürük, D. (2017). Bostan Hikayeleri Dergisi(1), pp. 6-9.
  • Zerner, C. (2020). Insurgent ecologies: Rhetorics of resistance and aspiration in Yedikule, Istanbul's ancient market garden (2014-2018). In D. Özkan, & G. Büyüksaraç, Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics (pp. 51-68). New York: Routledge.
  • Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, proverty and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35, 265-273.
  • Şahin, G. &. (2021). Kent içi tarım uygulamalarında dünyanın en eski örneği: Yedikule Bostanları. Turkish Studies, 16(1), 341-360.

Urban Gardens vs. Community Gardens: Tensions and Trajectories for Urban Agriculture in Istanbul

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 - Yemek Kültürleri, 30 - 47, 19.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2023.1.3047

Öz

Through a discussion of ongoing urban gardening practices in Yedikule Bostanlari and Kuzguncuk Bostani, this paper analyzes the food movement’s convoluted relationship with urban agriculture in Istanbul. The paper argues that as urban agriculture initiatives both are significant for generating community and proposing alternative uses for urban space by fostering food production in the city. Yet, the kind of community they generate and the type of urban agriculture they espouse to conserve are different. More importantly, as urban food production spaces, they do relatively little to mitigate the effects of structural problems that the food movement has underlined. As such, even though they are examples of urban agriculture in practicum, their aspirations do not readily associate with those of the food movement.

Kaynakça

  • Agyeman, J., & McEntee, J. (2014). Moving the Field of Food Justice Forward Through the Lens of Urban Political Ecology. Geography Compass, 8(3), 211-220.
  • Alaimo, L., Packnett, E., Miles, R., & Kruger, D. (2007). Fruit and vegetable intake among urban community gardeners. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 3(4), 94-101.
  • Arnavutköy Belediyesi. (2021). Hobi Bahçesi. Retrieved from Arnavutköy Belediyesi: https://www.arnavutkoy.bel.tr/tesis/hobi-bahcesi
  • Baker, L. (2004). Tending Cultural Landscapes and Food Citizenship in Toronto's Community Gardens. Geographical Review, 94(3), 305-325.
  • Beylikdüzü Belediyesi. (2021). Hobi Bahçeleri. Retrieved from Beylikdüzü Belediyesi: https://www.beylikduzu.istanbul/icerik/hobi-bahceleri-3--donem-kayitlari
  • Bilgin, A. (2010). Osmanlı dönemi İstanbul bostanları (bir giriş denemesi). Yemek ve Kültür(20), pp. 86-97.
  • Bilgin, İ. (2018, Jan 5). Yedikule Bostanları Tarihçesi. Retrieved from Yedikule Bostanları: https://khasyedikulebostanlari.wordpress.com/2018/01/05/286/
  • Binns, J., Maconachie, R., & Tanko, A. (2003). Water, Land and Health in Urban and Peri-Urban Food Production: The Case of Kano, Nigeria. Land Degradation & Development, 14, 431-444.
  • Blair, D., Giesecke, C., & Sherman, S. (1991). A Dietary, Social and Economic Evaluation of the Philadelphia Urban Gardening Project. Journal of Nutrition Education, 23(4), 161-167.
  • Crossan, J., Cumbers, A., McMaster, R., & Shaw, D. (2016). Contesting neoliberal urbanism in Glasgow's Community Gardens: The Practice of DIY Citizenship. Antipode, 48(4), 937-955.
  • Dayanışma Mimarlığı. (2017). İlya'nın Kuzguncuk Bostanı. İstanbul: Dayanışma Mimarlığı.
  • Dündaralp, B. (2017). Kuzguncuk Bostanı. Bostan Hikayeleri, pp. 10-15.
  • Eizenberg, E. (2012). Actually Existing Commons: Three Moments of Space of Community Gardens in New York City. Antipode, 44(3), 764-782.
  • FAO. (2023). Food security and the right to food. Retrieved from Sustainable Development Goals: https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/overview/fao-and-the-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development/food-security-and-the-right-to-food/en/
  • FAO. (2023). Türkiye. Retrieved from FAOSTAT: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#country/223 FAO, Rikolto and RUAF. (2022). Urban and peri-urban agriculture sourcebook – From production to food systems. Rome, FAO and Rikolto. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9722en
  • Fatih Belediyesi. (2021). Yedikule Bahçe Birimi. Retrieved from Fatih Belediyesi: https://www.fatih.bel.tr/tr-TR/yedikule-bahce-birimi
  • Gallaher, C.M., Kerr, J.M., Njenga, M. et al. (2013). Urban Agriculture, social capital, and food security in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya. Agriculture and Human Values, 30, 389-404.
  • Ghose, R., & Pettygrove, M. (2014). Urban Community Garden as Spaces of Citizenship. Antipode, 46(4), 1092-1112.
  • Glowa, M. (2017). Urban Agriculture, Food Justice and Neoliberal Urbanization: Rebuilding the Institution of Property. In A. H. Alkon, & J. Guthman, The New Food Activism: Opposition, Cooperation and Collective Action (pp. 232-256). Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
  • Guthman, J. (2007). The Polanyian way? Voluntary food labels as neoliberal governance. Antipode, 39(3), 456-478.
  • Kaldijan, P. (2003). Urban food security, the rural hinterland, and Istanbul's lower income migrant households. Food, Agriculture, and Economic Policy in the Middle East and North Africa, 5, 317-337.
  • Kaldijan, P. (2004, July). Istanbul's Bostans: A Millenium of Market Gardens. Geographical Review, 94(3), 284-304.
  • Kanbak, A. (2016). İstanbul Yedikule Bostanları: Bir Yeniden Üretim Pratiği. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 166-180.
  • Keyder, Ç. (1999a). The Setting. In Ç. Keyder, Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local (pp. 3-28). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Keyder, Ç. (1999b). A Tale of Two Neighborhoods. In Ç. Keyder, Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local (pp. 173-186). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Keyder, Ç., & Yenal, Z. (2014). Bildiğimiz Tarımın Sonu: Küresel İktidar ve Köylülük. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kut, T. (2010). İstanbul'un Suriçi Bostanları. Yemek ve Kültür (22), pp. 48-59. La Via Campesina. (2021). Food Sovereignty, a Manifesto for the Future of Our Planet. Retrieved from La Via Campesina International Peasants' Movement: https://viacampesina.org/en/food-sovereignty-a-manifesto-for-the-future-of-our-planet-la-via-campesina/
  • McClintock, N. (2014). Radical, reformist, and garden-variety neo-liberal: Coming to terms with urban agriculture's contradictions. Local Environment, 19(2), 147-171. Meadow, A. (2013). Alternative Food Systems at Ground Level: The Fairbanks Community Garden. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 16(1), 76-84.
  • Oda Projesi. (2010). Kent toprağının asıl sahipleri. Yemek ve Kültür(20), pp. 99- 119.
  • Passidomo, C. (2014). Whose right to (farm) the city? Race and food justice activism in post-Katrina New Orleans. Agriculture & Human Values (31), 385-396.
  • Poulsen, M., McNab, P., Clayton, M., & Neff, R. (2015). A systematic review of urban agriculture and food security impacts in low-income countries. Food Policy, 55, 131-146.
  • Purcell, M., & Tyman, S. (2015). Cultivating food as a right to the city. Local Environment, 20(10), 1132-1147.
  • Rosol, M. (2011). Community volunteering as neoliberal strategy? Green space production in Berlin. Antipode, 44(1), 239-257.
  • Roy, P. (2019). Community gardening for integrated urban renewal in Copenhagen: Securing or denying minorities' right to the city? In C. Certoma, S. Noori, & M. Sondermann, Urban Gardening and the Struggle for Social and Spatial Justice (pp. 91-107). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Shopov, A., & Han, A. (2013). Osmanlı İstanbul'unda Kent İçi Tarımsal Toprak Kullanımı ve Dönüşümleri. Toplumsal Tarih (236), pp. 34-38.
  • Smith, C., & Kurtz, H. (2003). Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City. Geographical Review, 93(2), 193-212.
  • Tarihi Yedikule Bostanlari. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tumblr.com:
  • http://yedikulebostanlari.tumblr.com/
  • Tekeli, I. (2013). Istanbul'un Planlamasinin ve Gelisiminin Oykusu. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2014). Kent, Kentli Hakları, Kentleşme ve Kentsel Dönüşüm. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Tornaghi, C. (2014). Critical geography of urban agriculture. Progess in Human Geography, 38(4), 551-567.
  • Tornaghi, C. (2017). Urban Agriculture in the Food Disabling City: (Re)definign Urban Food Justice, Reimagining a Politics of Empowerment. Antipode, 49(3), 781-801.
  • Tunç, B. (2015). Çok Sesli Mekansal Pratiklerde Katılımcılığın Rolü: Kuzguncuk ve Yedikule Bostanları. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı Mimarı Tasarım Programı.
  • Turan, E. (2015). Gardens of Resistance: Agriculture in the Yedikule Market Gardens. MA Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Social Sciences, Cultural Studies Programme, Istanbul Bilgi University.
  • White, C., Shopov, A., & Ostovich, M. (2015). An Archeology of Sustenance: The Endangered Market Gardens of Istanbul. In J. Cherry, & F. Rojas, Archeology for the People: Joukowsky Institute Perspectives (pp. 29-38). Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Yedikule Bostanlari. (n.d.). Retrieved from Arktera v5.0:
  • http://www.arkitera.com/etiket/31811/yedikule-bostanlari
  • Yürük, D. (2017). Bostan Hikayeleri Dergisi(1), pp. 6-9.
  • Zerner, C. (2020). Insurgent ecologies: Rhetorics of resistance and aspiration in Yedikule, Istanbul's ancient market garden (2014-2018). In D. Özkan, & G. Büyüksaraç, Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics (pp. 51-68). New York: Routledge.
  • Zezza, A., & Tasciotti, L. (2010). Urban agriculture, proverty and food security: Empirical evidence from a sample of developing countries. Food Policy, 35, 265-273.
  • Şahin, G. &. (2021). Kent içi tarım uygulamalarında dünyanın en eski örneği: Yedikule Bostanları. Turkish Studies, 16(1), 341-360.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler (Tema)
Yazarlar

Candan Türkkan 0000-0002-7814-3146

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 11 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1 - Yemek Kültürleri

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkkan, C. (2023). Urban Gardens vs. Community Gardens: Tensions and Trajectories for Urban Agriculture in Istanbul. Moment Dergi, 10(1), 30-47. https://doi.org/10.17572/mj2023.1.3047