Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Özel Eğitim Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 88 - 101, 30.06.2024
Melike Uysal
,
Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu
,
Mehmet Ceylan
,
Meliha Ceren Erkul
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, özel eğitime yönlendirilen 2-7 yaş arası çocukların aldıkları eğitimlerin verimliliği değerlendirmektir. Bu sebeple çocukların tekrarlanan psikometrik testleri incelenmiş, eğitim öncesi ve sonrası testler arası farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çocukların ve ailelerinin dosyalarında bulunan sosyo-demografik veri formları sayesinde sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin de aldıkları eğitime etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntem: Şubat 2019-Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında Çocuklar İçin Özel Gereksinim Raporu (ÇÖZGER) almak için hastanemize başvuran tüm 7 yaş ve altı çocukların sağlık kurulu raporu dosyaları geriye dönük olarak taranmıştır. Çocuklara, özel eğitime başlamadan önce ve tekrar rapor yenilemek için başvurduklarında gelişim basamaklarını değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak amacıyla Ankara Gelişim Tarama Envanteri (AGTE) uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan sosyo-demografik, klinik ve eğitim özellikleri veri formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın ilk bulgusu başvuran çocukların tekrarlanan AGTE alt ölçekleri ve bu alt ölçeklerin yüzdesel değişimleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamasıdır. Araştırmanın ikinci bulgusu olarak yüzdesel olarak değişim otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) ve entelektüel yeti yitimi (EYY) tanıları ile tekrar incelendiğinde yüzdesel değişim açısından anlamlı fark görülmemiş olmakla beraber EYY tanısına sahip çocukların gelişimsel alt testlerinin her birinde olumlu gelişme gözlenmişken; OSB tanılı çocukların alt testlerinde ise gelişimsel açıdan gerileme belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucunda ardışık gelişim testleri açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmaması sebebiyle özel eğitime ihtiyaç duyan bu çocukları sadece bir tanı özelinde değerlendirmek yerine her çocuğun sahip oldukları yetenekler ve desteğe ihtiyaç duyduğu alanlar açısından detaylıca değerlendirilip sonrasında en ideal eğitime yönlendirilmesi gerektiği düşüncesine varılmıştır.
Teşekkür
Dr. Çağlar Uysal’a katkılarından dolayı teşekkürlerimi sunarım.
Kaynakça
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. MEB Özel Eğitim Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği (Internet). 2006. Available from: https://orgm.meb.gov.tr
- Schalock R, Borthwick-Duffy S, Bradley V, Buntinx W, Coulter D, Craig E, et al. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. User’s Guide Workgroup; 2012.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- Zengin-Akkuş P, Çelen-Yoldaş T, Kurtipek G, Özmert EN. Speech delay in toddlers: Are they only late talkers? The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2018;60(2):165-72. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2018.02.008. PMID: 30325123.
- Miniscalco C, Nygren G, Hagberg B, Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at age 6 and 7 years who screened positive for language problems at 30 months. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2006; 48:361-6.
- Kauffman JM, Hung LY. Special education for intellectual disability: current trends and perspectives. Current Opinion Psychiatry. 2009;22(5):452-6. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832eb5c3.
- Jacobson JW, Mulick JA, Rojahn J, editors. Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities. New York: Springer; 2007.
- Kaya U. Gecikmiş Konuşma Nedir? Neler Yapılmalıdır? [Internet]. Antalya: Antalya Özel Eğitim Merkezi; 2014. Available from: http://www.antalyaozelegitim.com/blog/dil-konusma-problemleri/gecikmis-konusma-nedirneler-yapilmalidir.html
- Çetin Özbey. Otizm ve Otistik Çocukların Eğitimi. İstanbul: İnkılap Kitapevi. 2005.
- Arı M. Türkiye’de erken çocukluk eğitimi ve kalitenin önemi. Erken çocuklukta gelişim ve eğitimde yeni yaklaşımlar. 2003: 31-35.
- Akyol AK. Gelişimsel Tanı ve Değerlendirme [Lecture notes on internet]. Ankara: Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences; 2022. Available at: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/course/view.php?id=10458.
- Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çocuklar için Özel Gereksinim Değerlendirmesi Hakkında Yönetmelik [Internet]. 20 February 2019. Available at: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/02/20190220-1.htm
- Sullivan AL, Field S. Do preschool special education services make a difference in kindergarten reading and mathematics skills?: A propensity score weighting analysis. Journal of School Psychology. 2013;51(2):243-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2012.12.004. PMID: 23481088.
- Güleç-Aslan Y. Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda erken müdahale. In: Yıldırım-Doğru SS, editor. Erken çocuklukta özel eğitim. 1st ed. Ankara: Vize Akademik; 2019. p. 169-186.
- Yıkmış A, Özbey F. Otistik çocuğa sahip annelerin çocuklarının devam ettiği rehabilitasyon merkezlerinden beklentilerinin ve önerilerinin belirlenmesi. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences. 2009;1(1):124-153.
- Maehler C, Schuchardt K. Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2008;53:3-10.
- Kauffman JM, Hallahan DP. Special education: what it is and why we need it. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 2005.
- Kauffman JM, Landrum TJ. Educational service interventions and reforms. In: Jacobson JW, Mulick JA, Rojahn J, editors. Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 173-88.
- Cook BG, Schirmer BR, editors. What is special about special education? Examining the role of evidence-based practices. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 2006.
- Robertson K, Chamberlain B, Kasari C. General education teachers’ relationships with included students with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2003;33(2):123-30. doi: 10.1023/A:1022979108096.
- Blacher J, Baker BL, Eisenhower AS. Student–teacher relationship stability across early school years for children with intellectual disability or typical development. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2009;114(5):322-39. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-114.5.322.
- Wei X, Wagner M, Christiano ERA, Shattuck P, Yu JW. Special education services received by students with autism spectrum disorders from preschool through high school. The Journal of Special Education. 2014;48(3):167-79. doi: 10.1177/0022466913483576.
- Gary KW, Sima A, Wehman P, Johnson KR. Transitioning racial/ethnic minorities with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Influence of socioeconomic status on related services. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals. 2019;42(3):158-67.
- Kim ET, Franz L, Fannin DK, Howard J, Maslow G. Educational classifications of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among school-aged children in North Carolina: Associations with race, rurality, and resource availability. Autism Research Journal. 2021. doi: 10.1002/aur.2492.
- Magaña S, Lopez K, Aguinaga A, Morton H. Access to diagnosis and treatment services among Latino children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2013;51(3):141-53. doi: 10.1352/1934-9556-51.3.141.
- Sturm A, Williams J, Kasari C. Who gains and who loses? Sociodemographic disparities in access to special education services among autistic students. Autism Research Journal. 2021. doi: 10.1002/aur.2517.
- Reichow B, Hume K, Barton EE, Boyd BA. Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;5(5). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009260.pub3. PMID: 29742275. PMCID: PMC6494600.
EVALUATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION EFFICIENCY FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 88 - 101, 30.06.2024
Melike Uysal
,
Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu
,
Mehmet Ceylan
,
Meliha Ceren Erkul
Öz
Aim: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of the education received by children aged 2-7 who are referred to special education. For this reason, repeated psychometric tests of children were examined and differences between pre- and post-training tests were determined. In addition, the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on the education they received was evaluated, thanks to the socio-demographic data forms in the files of the children and their families. Methods: The medical board report files of all children aged 7 and under who applied to our hospital to obtain a Special Needs Report for Children (COZGER) between February 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively scanned. Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory (AGTE) was applied to the children to evaluate and compare their developmental stages before starting special education and when they applied again to renew their report. Within the scope of this research, the socio-demographic, clinical and educational characteristics data form created by the researchers was used. Results: The first finding of the study is that there is no significant difference between the repeated AGTE subscales of the admitted children and the percentage changes of these subscales. As the second finding of the study, when the percentage change was re-examined with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) diagnoses, no significant difference was seen in terms of percentage change, while positive development was observed in each of the developmental subtests of children with the diagnosis of EY; developmental regression was determined in the subtests of children diagnosed with ASD. Conclusion: As a result of the study, since no significant difference was found in terms of sequential development tests, it was concluded that instead of evaluating these children in need of special education only based on a diagnosis, each child should be evaluated in detail in terms of the abilities they have and the areas in which they need support and then directed to the most ideal education.
Teşekkür
I would like to thank Çağlar Uysal, MD for his contributions.
Kaynakça
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. MEB Özel Eğitim Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği (Internet). 2006. Available from: https://orgm.meb.gov.tr
- Schalock R, Borthwick-Duffy S, Bradley V, Buntinx W, Coulter D, Craig E, et al. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. User’s Guide Workgroup; 2012.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
- Zengin-Akkuş P, Çelen-Yoldaş T, Kurtipek G, Özmert EN. Speech delay in toddlers: Are they only late talkers? The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2018;60(2):165-72. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2018.02.008. PMID: 30325123.
- Miniscalco C, Nygren G, Hagberg B, Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at age 6 and 7 years who screened positive for language problems at 30 months. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2006; 48:361-6.
- Kauffman JM, Hung LY. Special education for intellectual disability: current trends and perspectives. Current Opinion Psychiatry. 2009;22(5):452-6. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832eb5c3.
- Jacobson JW, Mulick JA, Rojahn J, editors. Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities. New York: Springer; 2007.
- Kaya U. Gecikmiş Konuşma Nedir? Neler Yapılmalıdır? [Internet]. Antalya: Antalya Özel Eğitim Merkezi; 2014. Available from: http://www.antalyaozelegitim.com/blog/dil-konusma-problemleri/gecikmis-konusma-nedirneler-yapilmalidir.html
- Çetin Özbey. Otizm ve Otistik Çocukların Eğitimi. İstanbul: İnkılap Kitapevi. 2005.
- Arı M. Türkiye’de erken çocukluk eğitimi ve kalitenin önemi. Erken çocuklukta gelişim ve eğitimde yeni yaklaşımlar. 2003: 31-35.
- Akyol AK. Gelişimsel Tanı ve Değerlendirme [Lecture notes on internet]. Ankara: Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences; 2022. Available at: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/course/view.php?id=10458.
- Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı, Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çocuklar için Özel Gereksinim Değerlendirmesi Hakkında Yönetmelik [Internet]. 20 February 2019. Available at: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2019/02/20190220-1.htm
- Sullivan AL, Field S. Do preschool special education services make a difference in kindergarten reading and mathematics skills?: A propensity score weighting analysis. Journal of School Psychology. 2013;51(2):243-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2012.12.004. PMID: 23481088.
- Güleç-Aslan Y. Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda erken müdahale. In: Yıldırım-Doğru SS, editor. Erken çocuklukta özel eğitim. 1st ed. Ankara: Vize Akademik; 2019. p. 169-186.
- Yıkmış A, Özbey F. Otistik çocuğa sahip annelerin çocuklarının devam ettiği rehabilitasyon merkezlerinden beklentilerinin ve önerilerinin belirlenmesi. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences. 2009;1(1):124-153.
- Maehler C, Schuchardt K. Working memory functioning in children with learning disabilities: does intelligence make a difference? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2008;53:3-10.
- Kauffman JM, Hallahan DP. Special education: what it is and why we need it. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 2005.
- Kauffman JM, Landrum TJ. Educational service interventions and reforms. In: Jacobson JW, Mulick JA, Rojahn J, editors. Handbook of intellectual and developmental disabilities. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 173-88.
- Cook BG, Schirmer BR, editors. What is special about special education? Examining the role of evidence-based practices. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 2006.
- Robertson K, Chamberlain B, Kasari C. General education teachers’ relationships with included students with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2003;33(2):123-30. doi: 10.1023/A:1022979108096.
- Blacher J, Baker BL, Eisenhower AS. Student–teacher relationship stability across early school years for children with intellectual disability or typical development. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2009;114(5):322-39. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-114.5.322.
- Wei X, Wagner M, Christiano ERA, Shattuck P, Yu JW. Special education services received by students with autism spectrum disorders from preschool through high school. The Journal of Special Education. 2014;48(3):167-79. doi: 10.1177/0022466913483576.
- Gary KW, Sima A, Wehman P, Johnson KR. Transitioning racial/ethnic minorities with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Influence of socioeconomic status on related services. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals. 2019;42(3):158-67.
- Kim ET, Franz L, Fannin DK, Howard J, Maslow G. Educational classifications of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability among school-aged children in North Carolina: Associations with race, rurality, and resource availability. Autism Research Journal. 2021. doi: 10.1002/aur.2492.
- Magaña S, Lopez K, Aguinaga A, Morton H. Access to diagnosis and treatment services among Latino children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2013;51(3):141-53. doi: 10.1352/1934-9556-51.3.141.
- Sturm A, Williams J, Kasari C. Who gains and who loses? Sociodemographic disparities in access to special education services among autistic students. Autism Research Journal. 2021. doi: 10.1002/aur.2517.
- Reichow B, Hume K, Barton EE, Boyd BA. Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;5(5). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009260.pub3. PMID: 29742275. PMCID: PMC6494600.