AFET YÖNETİM YAKLAŞIMLARI VE KAMU POLİTİKASI BAĞLAMINDA AFETLERİN ÇEVREYE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Afet yönetimi alanında ortaya konan yaklaşımlar, sadece teknik bir çalışma alanı olmaktan çıkarak disiplinlerarası bir boyuta evrilmiştir. Bunda afetlerin fiziksel olayların sonucunda ortaya çıkan sosyal ve politik olaylar olarak kabul edilmesinin rolü büyüktür. Toplumların karşı karşıya olduğu riskler ve bu risklere karşı toplumun hassasiyet derecesi, büyük ölçüde kamu politikalarının belirleyici olduğu unsurlardır. Afet yönetimi yaklaşımlarının son yıllarda kamu politikalarıyla ilişkilendirilmesi ve afet yönetimi süreçlerinin toplumun çabuk toparlanması için hassasiyetlerin yönetilmesini odağına alması, kamu yönetimi kuramlarının bu alanla daha yakın ilişkiler kurmasına neden olmuştur. Toplumların yaşam biçimleri ve bu yaşam biçimlerini destekleyen politikalar, afetler açısından yeni risk faktörlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Afetlerin çevreye etkileri, yeni risk faktörleri ile daha uzun süreli ve daha yıkıcı olabilmektedir. Kamu politikası sürecinde halkın katılımı, bu risk ortamında afet yönetimine ilişkin daha farklı ve bütüncül bir yaklaşım geliştirebilmek için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada afetlerin çevreye etkileri, afet yönetim yaklaşımları ve kamu politikası bağlamında ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet yönetimi
• kamu politikası
• afet riski
• hassasiyet.

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