In the Russia, Türkiye and Iran Triangle; Karabakh

Öz

Karabakh, located within the triangle of Turkey, Russia, and Iran, is a region of significant strategic importance. It particularly serves as a gateway connecting Turkey to Central Asia. Throughout history, Karabakh has been part of Azerbaijan’s territory. From the first quarter of the 1800s, Armenians, along with people from regional powers such as Russia, Turkey, and Iran, migrated to the region. Especially Russia and European countries, aiming to separate Turkey from Central Asia, supported the migration of Armenians to the region. After the fall of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union supported Armenian territorial claims on various platforms within the framework of its own interests. This study examines Armenia’s policies of seizing Azerbaijani lands throughout history and the approaches of neighboring countries to the situation. Specifically, it analyzes the policies of the three regional countries during the First and Second Karabakh Wars, the November 10 ceasefire agreement that ended the war, the crimes committed by Armenians during the war and their withdrawal from Karabakh, and the international response to these issues based on various sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkey
• Russia
• Azerbaijan
• Armenia
• Karabakh.

Rusya, Türkiye ve İran Üçgeninde; Karabağ

Öz

Karabakh, located within the triangle of Turkey, Russia, and Iran, is a region of significant strategic importance. It particularly serves as a gateway connecting Turkey to Central Asia. Throughout history, Karabakh has been part of Azerbaijan’s territory. From the first quarter of the 1800s, Armenians, along with people from regional powers such as Russia, Turkey, and Iran, migrated to the region. Especially Russia and European countries, aiming to separate Turkey from Central Asia, supported the migration of Armenians to the region. After the fall of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union supported Armenian territorial claims on various platforms within the framework of its own interests. This study examines Armenia’s policies of seizing Azerbaijani lands throughout history and the approaches of neighboring countries to the situation. Specifically, it analyzes the policies of the three regional countries during the First and Second Karabakh Wars, the November 10 ceasefire agreement that ended the war, the crimes committed by Armenians during the war and their withdrawal from Karabakh, and the international response to these issues based on various sources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkey
• Russia
• Azerbaijan
• Armenia
• Karabakh.

Kaynakça

1. “ABŞ və İranın Cənubi Qafqazda geosiyasi maraqları və Azərbaycan”, http://huquq.org.az/az/publication/geopolitical-interests-of-the-u-sand-iran-in-the-south-caucasus-andazerbaijan/ [Date of access : 17.02.2024].
2. APA news [Azerbaijan/English], “President Ilham Aliyev: Azerbaijani Army is developing on basis of Turkish model,” June 13, 2023, [Date of access : 05.05.2024].
3. Arıkan, Serkan, Türkiye Azerbaycan Enerji Birlikteliğinde TANAP Örneği, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2014.
4. Aslanlı, Araz, “Azerbaycan’da Devlet Başkanlığı Seçimi ve Sonrasındaki Gelişmeler”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, I/1, (2004).
5. “Azerbaycan-Ermenistan Çatışması ve Güney Kafkasya’da Jeopolitik Dengeler”, insamer.com, https://insamer.com/tr/azerbaycan-ermenistan-catismasi-ve-guney-kafkasyada jeopolitikdengeler_3343.html, [Date of access : 18.04.2024].
6. Əliyevin, İlham, "MDB Dövlət Başçıları Şurasının iclasında çıxışının mətni”, https://oxu.az/politics/537742, [Date of access : 04.03.2024].
7. Baskın, Orhan, Türk Dış Politikası Cilt-III: 2001-2012, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 2013.
8. Caferov, Nazim, “Karabağ Sorununda Ateşkes ve Rusya”, Ermeni Araştırmaları, 53, (2016).

9. Çakmak, Haydar, Dünden Bugüne Karabağ Sorunu,Yenisey Yayınları, Ankara 2021.
10. Qasımov, Musa, Beynelxalq Münasibetler Sisteminde Azerbaycan (1991-1995), Genclik Yayınları, Baku 1996.
11. Mehdiyev, Mushvig, “Azerbaijan, Russia To Develop Military-Technical Cooperation Under New Declaration”, Caspian News, 2022, https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/azerbaijanrussia-to-developmilitary-technical-cooperation-under-newdeclaration-2022-2-23-0, [Date of access : 13.04.2024].
12. Məmmədov, Zaur, “İran nə istəyir? – təhlil”, Apa.az, https://apa.az/az/xeber/siyasi/iran-ne- isteyir-tehlil656532, [Date of access : 02.02.2024].
13. Neciyev, Elçin ve Teymur Gasımlı, “Azerbaycan-İran İlişkileri (1991-2018)”, Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4, (2020).
14. "Не могут нащупать баланс": как события в киргизии повлияют на соседей, gazeta.ru, https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2020/10/07_a_13310977.shtml, [Date of access : 13.03.2024].
15. "Prezident İlham Əliyev Vladimir Putinə telefonla zəng edib", apa.az, https://apa.az/az/xeber/xaricisiyaset/prezident-ılham-liyev-vladimir-putin-telefonla- zng-edib-600804, [Date of access : 17.04.2024].
16. Kaleji, Vali, “The 2020 Karabakh War’s Impact on the Northwestern Border of Iran”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, 17/181, (December 2020).
17. IRNA, “Leader: Iran not to be Affected by Who Becomes Next US President”, 03 Novembre 2020, [Date of access : 06.05.2024].
18. “Russia, Iran Concerned about Risk of Foreign Fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh: Ministry,” Reuters, (October 6, 2020), https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-russia-iran-idUSKBN26R2U4, [Date of access : 08.04.2024].
19. Sarıkaya, Yalçın, 44 Gün Savaşı: Azerbaycan’ın Karabağ Zaferi, TASAV, Ankara 2020.
20. Sancak, İrfan, "Bağımsızlık Sürecinde Azerbaycan Ve Haziran Darbesinin Dış Politikaya Etkileri" Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, VII/13.
21. Səfərov, Şahin, 90-cı İllərdə Azərbaycanın Beynəlxalq Vəziyyəti Və Xarici Siyasəti, Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Bakı 1999.
22. Şahbazov, Fuad, “Şərqi Zəngəzur-Naxçıvan Dəhlizi: Azərbaycan və İran Nə Qazanır,
23. Ermənistan və Rusiya Nə İtirir?”, BBC News Azərbaycanca, 17 Mart 2022.