İlhanlı Sarayında Budizm

Öz

Budizm MÖ III. asırdan itibaren Hindistan dışında yayılmaya başlar. İslam öncesi dönemde İran’ın doğu bölgelerinde etkili hale gelir. MS II. yüzyıla doğru çökmeye başlar. Moğol istilası ile İran coğrafyasındaki İlhanlı sarayında tekrar canlanır. Bu dönemde önceki dönemden farklı bir statüye ulaşır. Çeşitli sebepler ve süreçler; Uygur, Çin, Tangut ve Tibet Budizmi gibi İlhanlı Budizmi’ni de şekillendirmiştir. Budizm, Gazan Han ve halefi Olcaytu’nun İslam’ı seçmesinden sonra İran’da ortadan kalkmış ve yalnızca İranlı sanatçıların eserlerinde ve İranlı yazarların yazılarında temsil edilen bilim ve sanat formunda yaşamaya devam etmiştir. İlhanlı dönemi İran’ında gelişme gösteren Budizm ile ilgili tarihi çalışmalarda Moğollar arasındaki çeşitli Budist okullarının; Budizm ile aile kurumu, siyaset, ahlak, bilim, sanat, ekonomi, gibi sosyal kurumlar arasındaki ilişkilerin ve ayrıca bir yandan Budistler ve Müslümanlar arasındaki teorik etkileşimleri, diğer yandan Budistler ve diğer dini ve mezhebi azınlıkların arasındaki ilişkilerin ortaya konması gerekmektedir. Bunların tamamının bu makale kapsamına ortaya konmasının mümkün olmadığı açıktır. Bu sebeple bu makalede sadece Moğollardaki Budist okulları ve İlhanlı sarayındaki Budizm’in varlığı ve buradan yola çıkarak kısmen siyaset üzerindeki etkisinden bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Budizm
• İlhanlılar
• İlhanlı Devleti

Buddhism in Ilkhanid Court

Öz

Buddhism began to spread outside India since the 3rd century BC. It became effective in the pre-Islamic period in the eastern regions of Iran. It started to collapse 2nd century AD. With the Mongol invasion, Buddhism revived in the Ilkhanid court in Iran. It has reached a different status in this period than the previous. Various causes and processes have shaped Ilkhanian Buddhism, such as Uighur, Chinese, Tangut and Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhism disappeared in Iran after Gazan Khan and his successor has chosen Islam and continued to live only in the form of science and art, represented in the works of Iranian artists and the writings of Iranian authors. Studying the history of Buddhism in Iran in the Ilkhanid era requires an investigation of various Buddhist Schools among Mongols, interactions between this religion and social institutions, such as family, politics, religion and ethics, science and technology, art and economics as well as transactions and theoretical and practical interaction between Buddhists and Muslims on the one hand and Buddhists and other religious minorities on the other hand. It is obvious that studying all aspects of this subject is beyond the scope of an article; thus we will solely discuss a report on branches of Buddhism among Mongols and the presence of this religion in the Ilkhanid Court and in this way we will partially speak of its impact on politics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buddhism
• Ilkhanids
• Ilkhanid State

Kaynakça

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