Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Para Politikası Değişimleri, Yatırım Fonları Performansı ve Risk Algısı: Yatırım Fon Türleri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 137 - 158, 23.10.2025

Öz

Günümüzde enflasyon artışı gibi makroekonomik dengelerde meydana gelen bozulmalar ve küresel düzeyde artan finansal ve jeopolitik riskler günümüzde belirsizliklerin yarattığı risklerden kaçınmak isteyen yatırımcılar açısından yatırım fonlarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yatırım fonların performansı ve riski de, diğer finansal varlıklar gibi, para politikasındaki değişmelerden etkilenebilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 03.01.2022-09.12.2024 döneminde meydana gelen para politikası değişimlerinin borçlanma araçları, para piyasası ve hisse senedi yatırım fonlarının risk ve getirileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, ARMA(p,q)-GRJ GARCH(1,1) modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulardan, her üç yatırım fonu için koşullu oynaklıkta kaldıraç etkisinin var olduğu ve TCMB’nin özellikle Haziran ve Kasım 2023 ve Mart 2024 tarihlerinde sıkı para politikası kapsamında gerçekleştirdiği faiz artışlarının her üç yatırım fon türünün oynaklığını önemli ölçüde arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, para politikasının yatırım fonlarının performansı üzerindeki etkisinin fon türüne göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alkan, U.,& Kuşaksızoğlu, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Yatırım Fonlarının Getiriye Dayalı Performans Değerlemesi. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 11, 297-320.
  • Alsubaiei, B. J., Calice, G., & Vivian, A. (2024). How Does Oil Market Volatility Impact Mutual Fund Performance?. International Review of Economics & Finance, 89, 1601-1621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.08.023.
  • Babalos, V., Mamatzakis, E. C., & Matousek, R. (2015). The Performance of US Equity Mutual Funds. Journal of Banking & Finance, 52, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.008.
  • Bauer, R., Koedijk, K., & Otten, R. (2005). International Evidence on Ethical Mutual Fund Performance and İnvestment Style. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(7), 1751–1767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.035.
  • Berk, J. B., & Green, R. C. (2004). Mutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 112(6), 1269-1295.
  • Carhart, M. M. (1997). On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82.
  • Chi, Y., Liu, Y., & Qiao, X. (2022). Performance Evaluation, Factor Models, and Portfolio Strategies: Evidence From Chinese Mutual Funds. Journal of Portfolio Management, 48(8), 159–176.
  • Daly, K. (2008). Financial Volatility: Issues and Measuring Techniques. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 387(11), 2377-2393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.009.
  • Eling, M., & Faust, R. (2010). The Performance of Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds in Emerging Markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8), 1993–2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.01.008.
  • Grinblatt, M., & Titman, S. (1989). Mutual Fund Performance: An Analysis of Quarterly Portfolio Holdings. Journal Of Business, 393-416.
  • Han, H., Wang, Z., & Zhao, X. (2024). Does Cross-Border Investment Improve Mutual Fund Performance? Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 86, 102186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102186.
  • Hu, J. L., Chang, T. P., & Chou, R. Y. (2014). Market Conditions and the Effect of Diversification on Mutual Fund Performance: Should Funds Be More Concentrative under Crisis?. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 41(1), 141–151, DOI 10.1007/s11123-012-0331-x.
  • Jensen, M. C. (1968). The Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period 1945–1964. The Journal of Finance, 23(2), 389–416.
  • Jordan, B. D., & Riley, T. B. (2015). Volatility and Mutual Fund Manager Skill. Journal of Financial Economics, 118(2), 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.06.012.
  • Kardeşler, B., & Doğukanlı, H. (2023). Türkiye’de Aktif ve Pasif Yönetilen Fonların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Uluslararası Davranış, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Yönetim Dergisi, 10(18), 1-25, DOI:10.54709/iisbf.1273881.
  • Otten, R., & Bams, D. (2002). European Mutual Fund Performance. European Financial Management, 8(1), 75–101.
  • Pastor, ´ Ľ., & Vorsatz, M. B. (2020). Mutual Fund Performance and Flows During the COVID-19 Crisis. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 791–833.
  • Qureshi, F., Kutan, A. M., Ismail, I., & Gee, C. S. (2017). Mutual Funds and Stock Market Volatility: An Empirical Analysis of Asian Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 31, 176–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2017.05.005.
  • Sarıoğlu, S.E. (2024). Merkez Bankası’nın Faiz Kararlarının Yatırım Fonları Üzerindeki Etkileri, Erişim adresi: https://iyigelir.net/ (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2024).
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1966). Mutual Fund Performance. Journal of Business, 39(1), 119–138.
  • Singh, S., Parmar, K. S., & Kaur, J. (2023). Forecasting Volatility in the Stock Market Data Using GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR Models. In Handbook of Hydroinformatics (pp. 207-220), 1(Classic Soft-Computing Techniques), Netherlands: Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821285-1.00024-5.
  • Ünal, S., Özer, A., Çömlekçi, İ., & Çepni, K. (2024). Hisse Senedi Fonları Piyasasında Rekabet Koşullarının Etkinliği: Türkiye Örneği. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(3), 742-756, DOI: 10.48146/odusobiad.1273828.
  • Vafai, N., & Rakowski, D. (2024). The Sources of Portfolio Volatility and Mutual Fund Performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 91, 102985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102985.
  • Vidal, M., Vidal-García, J., Boubaker, S., & Bekiros, S. (2024). Short-Term Volatility Timing: A Cross-Country Study. Annals of Operations Research, 336(3), 1681-1706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04998-5.
  • Vidal-García, J., Vidal, M., Boubaker, S., & Manita, R. (2019). Idiosyncratic Risk And Mutual Fund Performance. Annals of Operations Research, 281, 349–372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-018-2794-2.
  • Xue, W., He, Z., & Hu, Y. (2021). The Stabilizing Effects of Pension Funds vs. Mutual Funds on Country-Specific Market Risk. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 60, 100691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100691.
  • Xue, W., He, Z., & Hu, Y. (2023). The Destabilizing Effect of Mutual Fund Herding: Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 88, 102611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102611.
  • Yang, J., Tang, G., Yang, D., & Zhang, J. (2020). Risk Measurement and Performance Evaluation of Equity Funds Based on ARMA-GARCH Family Model. Open Journal of Statistics, 10(02), 325, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2020.102022.
  • www.borsaistanbul.com.tr www.spk.gov.tr

Monetary Policy Changes, Mutual Funds Performance and Risk Perception: A Comparison on Mutual Fund Types

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 137 - 158, 23.10.2025

Öz

Today, worsening macroeconomic conditions such as rising inflation and increasing financial and geopolitical risks globally are prompting investors to turn to investment funds to mitigate the uncertainties. Investment funds, like other financial assets, can be influenced by changes in monetary policy affecting their performance and risk. In this study, we examined the effects of monetary policy changes in Turkey from January 3, 2022, to December 9, 2024, on the risks and returns of debt instruments, money market funds, and stock investment funds. We utilized an ARMA(p,q) model combined with a GJR-GARCH(1,1) model for our analysis. The study's findings concluded that all three investment funds exhibited a leverage effect in their conditional volatility. It was noted that the interest rate increases implemented by the CBRT as part of its tight monetary policy, particularly in June, November 2023, and March 2024, significantly heightened the volatility across all three types of investment funds. Furthermore, research indicates that the impact of monetary policy on investment fund performance differs based on the type of fund.

Kaynakça

  • Alkan, U.,& Kuşaksızoğlu, B. (2017). Türkiye’de Yatırım Fonlarının Getiriye Dayalı Performans Değerlemesi. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 11, 297-320.
  • Alsubaiei, B. J., Calice, G., & Vivian, A. (2024). How Does Oil Market Volatility Impact Mutual Fund Performance?. International Review of Economics & Finance, 89, 1601-1621, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.08.023.
  • Babalos, V., Mamatzakis, E. C., & Matousek, R. (2015). The Performance of US Equity Mutual Funds. Journal of Banking & Finance, 52, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.008.
  • Bauer, R., Koedijk, K., & Otten, R. (2005). International Evidence on Ethical Mutual Fund Performance and İnvestment Style. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(7), 1751–1767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2004.06.035.
  • Berk, J. B., & Green, R. C. (2004). Mutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 112(6), 1269-1295.
  • Carhart, M. M. (1997). On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82.
  • Chi, Y., Liu, Y., & Qiao, X. (2022). Performance Evaluation, Factor Models, and Portfolio Strategies: Evidence From Chinese Mutual Funds. Journal of Portfolio Management, 48(8), 159–176.
  • Daly, K. (2008). Financial Volatility: Issues and Measuring Techniques. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 387(11), 2377-2393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2008.01.009.
  • Eling, M., & Faust, R. (2010). The Performance of Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds in Emerging Markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(8), 1993–2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.01.008.
  • Grinblatt, M., & Titman, S. (1989). Mutual Fund Performance: An Analysis of Quarterly Portfolio Holdings. Journal Of Business, 393-416.
  • Han, H., Wang, Z., & Zhao, X. (2024). Does Cross-Border Investment Improve Mutual Fund Performance? Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 86, 102186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102186.
  • Hu, J. L., Chang, T. P., & Chou, R. Y. (2014). Market Conditions and the Effect of Diversification on Mutual Fund Performance: Should Funds Be More Concentrative under Crisis?. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 41(1), 141–151, DOI 10.1007/s11123-012-0331-x.
  • Jensen, M. C. (1968). The Performance of Mutual Funds in the Period 1945–1964. The Journal of Finance, 23(2), 389–416.
  • Jordan, B. D., & Riley, T. B. (2015). Volatility and Mutual Fund Manager Skill. Journal of Financial Economics, 118(2), 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.06.012.
  • Kardeşler, B., & Doğukanlı, H. (2023). Türkiye’de Aktif ve Pasif Yönetilen Fonların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Uluslararası Davranış, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Yönetim Dergisi, 10(18), 1-25, DOI:10.54709/iisbf.1273881.
  • Otten, R., & Bams, D. (2002). European Mutual Fund Performance. European Financial Management, 8(1), 75–101.
  • Pastor, ´ Ľ., & Vorsatz, M. B. (2020). Mutual Fund Performance and Flows During the COVID-19 Crisis. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10(4), 791–833.
  • Qureshi, F., Kutan, A. M., Ismail, I., & Gee, C. S. (2017). Mutual Funds and Stock Market Volatility: An Empirical Analysis of Asian Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 31, 176–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2017.05.005.
  • Sarıoğlu, S.E. (2024). Merkez Bankası’nın Faiz Kararlarının Yatırım Fonları Üzerindeki Etkileri, Erişim adresi: https://iyigelir.net/ (Erişim tarihi: 24.12.2024).
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1966). Mutual Fund Performance. Journal of Business, 39(1), 119–138.
  • Singh, S., Parmar, K. S., & Kaur, J. (2023). Forecasting Volatility in the Stock Market Data Using GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR Models. In Handbook of Hydroinformatics (pp. 207-220), 1(Classic Soft-Computing Techniques), Netherlands: Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821285-1.00024-5.
  • Ünal, S., Özer, A., Çömlekçi, İ., & Çepni, K. (2024). Hisse Senedi Fonları Piyasasında Rekabet Koşullarının Etkinliği: Türkiye Örneği. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(3), 742-756, DOI: 10.48146/odusobiad.1273828.
  • Vafai, N., & Rakowski, D. (2024). The Sources of Portfolio Volatility and Mutual Fund Performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 91, 102985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102985.
  • Vidal, M., Vidal-García, J., Boubaker, S., & Bekiros, S. (2024). Short-Term Volatility Timing: A Cross-Country Study. Annals of Operations Research, 336(3), 1681-1706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04998-5.
  • Vidal-García, J., Vidal, M., Boubaker, S., & Manita, R. (2019). Idiosyncratic Risk And Mutual Fund Performance. Annals of Operations Research, 281, 349–372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-018-2794-2.
  • Xue, W., He, Z., & Hu, Y. (2021). The Stabilizing Effects of Pension Funds vs. Mutual Funds on Country-Specific Market Risk. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 60, 100691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2021.100691.
  • Xue, W., He, Z., & Hu, Y. (2023). The Destabilizing Effect of Mutual Fund Herding: Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 88, 102611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102611.
  • Yang, J., Tang, G., Yang, D., & Zhang, J. (2020). Risk Measurement and Performance Evaluation of Equity Funds Based on ARMA-GARCH Family Model. Open Journal of Statistics, 10(02), 325, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2020.102022.
  • www.borsaistanbul.com.tr www.spk.gov.tr
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Para Politikası, Finans, Finansal Ekonometri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Deniz Erer 0000-0001-9977-9592

Elif Erer 0000-0002-2238-4602

Selim Güngör 0000-0002-2997-1113

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erer, D., Erer, E., & Güngör, S. (2025). Para Politikası Değişimleri, Yatırım Fonları Performansı ve Risk Algısı: Yatırım Fon Türleri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma. Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 137-158.