Representations of Crime in New Media from the Perspective of Gamers: The Case of the GTA-V Game
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 435 - 448, 31.12.2025
Ömer Gündüz
,
Feridun Nizam
Öz
There is a wide and varied literature on the representation of crime in the media. Studies mostly focus on news content. However, crime is represented not only in news but also in many different media and content. One such channel is digital games. This study aims to reveal the forms of production and presentation of crime representations in the GTA-V game. The focus group interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The data obtained from focus group interviews with four men and four women who identified themselves as ‘gamers’ were analysed using content analysis. The research concluded that crime representations in the GTA-V game are partially similar to crime representations in traditional media and that individuals who play crime games identify with the crime scenes in the game in their real lives.
Kaynakça
-
Allen, J., Livingstone, S. and Reiner, R. (1997), The changing generic location of crime in film: a content analysis of film synopses, 1945–1991. Journal of Communication, 47: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1997.tb02727.x
-
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265-299. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03
-
Barnhurst, K. G. (2011). The new “media affect” and the crisis of representation for political communication. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(4), 573-593.
-
Beckett, K. (1997), Making Crime Pay, New York: Oxford University Press. Brown, M. (2007) ‘Mapping Discursive Closings in the War on Drugs’, Crime, Media, Culture, 3, 1: 11-29.
-
Beckett, K., & Sasson, T. (2004). The politics of crime. In The politics of crime (2 ed., pp. 45-72). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229614.n4
-
Bogost, I. (2007). Persuasive games: The expressive power of videogames. MIT Press.
-
Brown, S. (2007). Crime and law in media culture. Open University Press.
-
Cassell, J., & Jenkins, H. (1998). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games. MIT Press.
-
Cavender, G. (2004), ‘Media and Crime Policy’, Punishment and Society, 6(3): 335–348.
-
Cheliotis, L. K. (2010). The ambivalent consequences of visibility: Crime and prisons in the mass media. Crime, Media, Culture, 6(2), 169-184.
-
Cook, C. (2018). A content analysis of LGBT representation on broadcast and streaming television.
-
Çelenk, S. (2005). Televizyon, Temsil, Kültür: 90’lı Yıllarda Sosyokültürel İklim ve Televizyon İçerikleri, Ütopya Yayınları, Ankara.
-
Dalhgren, P. (1995). Television and The Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and The Media.
-
Deutsch. S. (2007) ‘CSI and Moral Authority: The Police and Science’, in Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 3, 1: 67-81.
-
Foucoult, M. (1975). Discipline and punish. A. Sheridan, Tr., Paris, FR, Gallimard.
-
Fürsich, E. (2010). Media and the representation of Others. International social science journal, 61(199), 113-130.
-
Gökalp, E., Ergül, H. ve Cangöz, İ. (2010). Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun ve Yoksulların Ana Akım Basında Temsili. Sosyoloji Araştırmalar Dergisi. 13 (1), s.145-182.
-
Gökçe, O. (2006). İçerik Analizi- Teori ve Pratik, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
-
Gülcan, C. (2021). Nitel Bir Veri Toplama Aracı: Odak (Focus) Grup Tekniğinin Uygulanışı ve Geçerliliği Üzerine Bir Çalışma, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 94-109.
-
Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Vol. 2). Sage.
-
Juul, J. (2005). Half-real: Video games between real rules and fictional worlds. MIT Press.
-
Kitzinger, J. (1995). "Qualitative research: introducing focus groups." BMJ, 311(7000), 299-302. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299.
-
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage Publications.
-
Laughey, Dan (2010). Medya Çalışmaları Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları
-
Lichter, S. R., Lichter, L. S., & Rothman, S. (1994). Prime time: How TV Portrays American Culture. Washington, DC, Lanham, MD: Regnery Publications.
-
Lichter, S. R., Lichter, L. S., & Amundson, D. S. (1994). Prime time crime: What TV news and drama are telling the shaping of public's view of crime. Center for Media and Public Affairs.
-
Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus Groups As Qualitative Research, Sage Publications. doi.org/10.4135/9781412984287
-
O'Kelly, C. G., & Bloomquist, L. E. (1976). Women and Blacks on TV. Journal of Communication, 26(4), 179-184.
-
Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Dickinson, W.B., Leech, N.L. and Zoran, A.G. (2009). A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville.
-
POWERS, S. P., ROTHMAN, D. J., and ROTHMAN, S. (1996), Hollywood’s America: Social and Political Themes in Motion Pictures, Boulder, Col.: Westview.
-
Topbaş, S. (2008). Kitle İletişim Araçlarında Söylem Biçiminde Kadının Yeri. 10/10/2025 tarihinde https://m.bianet.org/biamag/kadin/106699-kitle-iletisim-araclarininsoylem- biciminde-kadinin-yeri adresinden alındı.
GTA-V OYUNU ÖRNEĞİYLE GAMERLARIN GÖZÜNDEN YENİ MEDYADA SUÇ TEMSİLLERİ
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 435 - 448, 31.12.2025
Ömer Gündüz
,
Feridun Nizam
Öz
Medyada suçun temsiline ilişkin çok çeşitli ve geniş bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Çalışmalar çoğunlukla haber içeriği üzerinedir. Ancak suç, sadece haberlerde değil, birçok farklı medya ve içerikte de temsil edilmektedir. Bu kanallardan biri de dijital oyunlardır. Bu çalışmada, GTA -V oyununda suç temsillerinin üretim ve sunum biçimlerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan odak grup görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kendilerini “gamer” olarak tanımlayan dört erkek ve dört kadınla yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri sonucunda elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, GTA-V oyunundaki suç temsillerinin geleneksel medyadaki suç temsillerine kısmen benzer olduğu ve suç oyunları oynayan bireylerin oyundaki suç sahnelerini gerçek hayatlarıyla özdeşleştirdikleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Etik Beyan
F.Ü. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu 30.05.2022 tarih ve 2022/13 sayılı kararıyla izin mevcuttur.
Kaynakça
-
Allen, J., Livingstone, S. and Reiner, R. (1997), The changing generic location of crime in film: a content analysis of film synopses, 1945–1991. Journal of Communication, 47: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1997.tb02727.x
-
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265-299. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03
-
Barnhurst, K. G. (2011). The new “media affect” and the crisis of representation for political communication. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(4), 573-593.
-
Beckett, K. (1997), Making Crime Pay, New York: Oxford University Press. Brown, M. (2007) ‘Mapping Discursive Closings in the War on Drugs’, Crime, Media, Culture, 3, 1: 11-29.
-
Beckett, K., & Sasson, T. (2004). The politics of crime. In The politics of crime (2 ed., pp. 45-72). SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229614.n4
-
Bogost, I. (2007). Persuasive games: The expressive power of videogames. MIT Press.
-
Brown, S. (2007). Crime and law in media culture. Open University Press.
-
Cassell, J., & Jenkins, H. (1998). From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games. MIT Press.
-
Cavender, G. (2004), ‘Media and Crime Policy’, Punishment and Society, 6(3): 335–348.
-
Cheliotis, L. K. (2010). The ambivalent consequences of visibility: Crime and prisons in the mass media. Crime, Media, Culture, 6(2), 169-184.
-
Cook, C. (2018). A content analysis of LGBT representation on broadcast and streaming television.
-
Çelenk, S. (2005). Televizyon, Temsil, Kültür: 90’lı Yıllarda Sosyokültürel İklim ve Televizyon İçerikleri, Ütopya Yayınları, Ankara.
-
Dalhgren, P. (1995). Television and The Public Sphere: Citizenship, Democracy and The Media.
-
Deutsch. S. (2007) ‘CSI and Moral Authority: The Police and Science’, in Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 3, 1: 67-81.
-
Foucoult, M. (1975). Discipline and punish. A. Sheridan, Tr., Paris, FR, Gallimard.
-
Fürsich, E. (2010). Media and the representation of Others. International social science journal, 61(199), 113-130.
-
Gökalp, E., Ergül, H. ve Cangöz, İ. (2010). Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun ve Yoksulların Ana Akım Basında Temsili. Sosyoloji Araştırmalar Dergisi. 13 (1), s.145-182.
-
Gökçe, O. (2006). İçerik Analizi- Teori ve Pratik, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
-
Gülcan, C. (2021). Nitel Bir Veri Toplama Aracı: Odak (Focus) Grup Tekniğinin Uygulanışı ve Geçerliliği Üzerine Bir Çalışma, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 94-109.
-
Hall, S. (Ed.). (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (Vol. 2). Sage.
-
Juul, J. (2005). Half-real: Video games between real rules and fictional worlds. MIT Press.
-
Kitzinger, J. (1995). "Qualitative research: introducing focus groups." BMJ, 311(7000), 299-302. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299.
-
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2014). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. Sage Publications.
-
Laughey, Dan (2010). Medya Çalışmaları Teoriler ve Yaklaşımlar İstanbul: Kalkedon Yayınları
-
Lichter, S. R., Lichter, L. S., & Rothman, S. (1994). Prime time: How TV Portrays American Culture. Washington, DC, Lanham, MD: Regnery Publications.
-
Lichter, S. R., Lichter, L. S., & Amundson, D. S. (1994). Prime time crime: What TV news and drama are telling the shaping of public's view of crime. Center for Media and Public Affairs.
-
Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus Groups As Qualitative Research, Sage Publications. doi.org/10.4135/9781412984287
-
O'Kelly, C. G., & Bloomquist, L. E. (1976). Women and Blacks on TV. Journal of Communication, 26(4), 179-184.
-
Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Dickinson, W.B., Leech, N.L. and Zoran, A.G. (2009). A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville.
-
POWERS, S. P., ROTHMAN, D. J., and ROTHMAN, S. (1996), Hollywood’s America: Social and Political Themes in Motion Pictures, Boulder, Col.: Westview.
-
Topbaş, S. (2008). Kitle İletişim Araçlarında Söylem Biçiminde Kadının Yeri. 10/10/2025 tarihinde https://m.bianet.org/biamag/kadin/106699-kitle-iletisim-araclarininsoylem- biciminde-kadinin-yeri adresinden alındı.