Entelektüel Sermayenin Ticari Bankalarda Kârlılığa Etkisi: Türk Bankacılık Sektöründen Kanıtlar

Yıl 2023, , 43 - 62, 17.04.2023

Haşmet Sarıgül

https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.1245202

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ticari bankalarda entelektüel sermaye ve kârlılık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bankaların entelektüel sermaye düzeylerinin ölçülmesinde katma değer katsayısı modeline başvurulmuştur. Entelektüel katma değer katsayısı ile bileşenlerinin bankaların kârlılık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkileri ise Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi tahmincileri kullanmak suretiyle araştırılmıştır. 2005–2021 dönemi yıllık verilerine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen dinamik panel veri analizinin bulguları entelektüel sermaye etkinliğinin ticari bankaların hem aktif hem de özsermaye kârlılıkları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Entelektüel sermaye bileşenlerine dayalı olarak ölçüldüğünde ise kullanılan sermaye ve insan sermayesi etkinlik katsayılarının bankaların kârlılık göstergelerini olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan, yapısal sermaye etkinlik katsayısının kârlılık üzerindeki etkisi negatiftir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entelektüel sermaye, Ticari bankalar, Karlılık, Panel Veri, GMM

Kaynakça

• Adesina, K. S. (2019), ‘‘Bank Technical, Allocative and Cost Efficiencies in Africa: The Influence of Intellectual Capital’’, The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 48, pp. 419–433.
• Agostini, L. - Nosella, A. - Soranzo, B. (2017), ‘‘Measuring the Impact of Relational Capital on Customer Performance in the SME B2B Sector’’, Business Process Management Journal, 23(6), pp. 1144–1166
• Al–Musali, M. A. K. - Ku Ismail, K. N. I. (2014), “Intellectual Capital and Its Effect on Financial Performance of Banks: Evidence from Saudi Arabia”, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 164, pp. 201–207.
• Andriessen, D. (2004), ‘‘IC Valuation and Measurement: Classifying the State of the Art’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(2), pp. 230–242.
• Arellano, M. - Bond, D. (1991), ‘‘Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations’’, Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), pp. 277–297.
• Arellano, M. - Bover, O. (1995), ‘‘Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models’’, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), pp. 29–51.
• Bayraktar, Y. - Atasel, O. Y. (2022), ‘‘Değiştirilmiş Entelektüel Katma Değer Katsayısı ile Finansal Performans Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: BIST Banka Endeksi’nde Bir Araştırma’’, Muhasebe Enstitüsü Dergisi, 67, ss. 27–55. Blundell, R. - Bond, S. (1998), ‘‘Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models’’, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), pp. 115-143.
• Bontis, N. (1996), ‘‘There's a Price On Your Head: Managing Intellectual Capital Strategically’’, Business Ouarterly. 60(4), pp. 40–47.
• Bontis, N. (1998), ‘‘Intellectual Capital: An exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models’’, Management Decision, 36, pp. 63–76.
• Bontis, N. - Dragonetti, N. C. - Jacobsen, K. - Roos, G. (1999), ‘‘The Knowledge Toolbox: A Review of the Tools Available to Measure and Manage Intangible Resources’’, European Management Journal, 17(4), pp. 391–402.
• Brennan, N. - Connell, B. (2000), ‘‘ Intellectual Capital: Current Issues and Policy Implications’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(3), pp. 206–240.
• Brooking, A. (1996), “Intellectual Capital: Core Assets for the Third Millennium Enterprise”, Thomson Business Press, London.
• Buallay, A. - Hamdan, A. M. - Reyadand, S. - Badaw, S. - Madbouly, A. (2020), ‘‘The Efficiency of GCC Banks: The Role of Intellectual Capital’’, European Business Review, 32(3), pp. 383–404.
• Carroll, R. F. - Tansey, R. R. (2000), “Intellectual Capital in the New Internet Economy—It’s Meaning, Measurement and Management for Enhancing Quality’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(4), pp. 296–312.
• Chan, H. K. (2009), ‘‘Impact of Intellectual Capital on Organisational Performance: An Empirical Study of Companies in the Hang Seng Index (Part 1)’’, The Learning Organization , 16(1), pp. 4–21.
• Chen, J. - Zhu, Z. - Xie, H. Y. (2004), ‘‘Measuring Intellectual Capital: A New Model and Empirical Study’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 195–212.
• Chirok, H. - Phillips, P. C. B. - Sul, D. (2014), ‘‘X-Differencing and Dynamic Panel Model Estimation’’, Econometric Theory, 30(1), pp. 201–251.
• Clarke, M. - Seng, D. - Whiting, R. H. (2011), ‘‘Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance in Australia’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital. 12(4), pp. 505–530.
• Edvinsson, L. (1997), ‘‘Developing Intellectual Capital at Skandia’’, Long Range Planning, 30(3), pp. 366–373.
• Edvinsson, L. - Malone, M. S. (1997), ‘‘Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower’’, Harper Business, New York.
• Edvinsson, L. - Sullivan, P. (1996), “Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital”, European Management Journal, 14(4), pp. 356–364.
• Ekim, N. - Acar, M. - Uçan, O. (2019), ‘‘Entelektüel Sermayenin Finans Sektöründe Değer Yaratmadaki Rolü: Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma’’, Verimlilik Dergisi, 2019/4, ss. 37–63.
• Firer, S. - Williams, S. M. (2003), ‘‘Intellectual Capital and Traditional Measures of Corporate Performance’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), pp. 348–360.
• Freeman, R. E. (1984), “Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach”, Pitman, Boston.
• Håkansson, H. - Snehota, I. (1995), ‘‘Developing Relationships in Business Networks’’, Routledge, London.
• Haris, M. - Yao, H. - Tariq, G. - Malik, A. - Javaid, H. M. (2019), ‘‘Intellectual Capital Performance and Profitability of Banks: Evidence from Pakistan’’, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12(2), 56.
• Harrison, S. - Sullivan, P. H. (2000), ‘‘Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Learning from Leading Companies’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, pp. 33–46.
• Horobet, A. - Magdalena, R. - Lucian, B. - Sandra, M. D. (2021), ‘‘Determinants of Bank Profitability in CEE Countries: Evidence from GMM Panel Data Estimates’’, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14, 307.
• Itami, H. (1987) ‘‘Mobilizing Invisible Assets’’, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Johanson, U. - Martensson, M. - Skoog, M. (2001), ‘‘Mobilizing Change Through the Management Control of Intangibles’’, Accounting Organizations and Society, 26(7– 8), pp. 715–733.
• Joshi, M. - Cahill, D. - Sidhu, J. - Kansal, M. (2013), ‘‘Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance: An Evaluation of the Australian Financial Sector’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 14(2), pp. 264–285.
• Kaplan, R. S. - Norton, D. P. (1996), “Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System”, Harvard Business Review, 74(1), pp. 75–85.
• Kianto, A. (2007), “What Do We Really Mean By The Dynamic Dimension of Intellectual Capital?”, International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 4(4), pp. 342–356.
• Le, D. Q. L. - Ho, T. N. T. - Nguyen, D. T. - Ngo, T. (2022), ‘‘Intellectual Capital – Bank Efficiency Nexus: Evidence From An Emerging Market’’, Cogent Economics and Finance, 10:1.
• Marr, B. - Moustaghfir, K. (2005), “Defining Intellectual Capital: A Three–Dimensional Approach”, Management Decision, 43(9), pp. 1114–1128.
• Mavridis, D.G. (2004), ‘‘The Intellectual Capital Performance of the Japanese Banking Sector’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), pp. 92–115.
• McElroy, M. W. (2002), ‘‘Social Innovation Capital”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(1), pp. 30–39.
• Meek, G. K. - Gray, S. J. (1998), ‘‘The Value Added Statement: An Innovation for the US Companies. Accounting Horizons, 12, pp. 73–81.
• Meles, A. - Porzio, C. - Sampagnaro, G. - Verdoliva, V. (2016), “The Impact of the Intellectual Capital Efficiency on Commercial Banks Performance: Evidence from the US”, Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 36, pp. 64–74.
• Mohapatra, S. - Sangram, K. - Mitra, A. - Tiwari, A. K. (2019), ‘‘Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance: Evidence from Indian Banking Sector’’, Applied Economics, 51(57), pp. 6054–6067.
• Mollah, Md. A. S. - Rouf, A. R. (2022), ‘‘The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Commercial Banks’ Performance: Evidence from Bangladesh’’, Journal of Money and Business, 2(1), pp. 82–93.
• Mouritsen, J. - Larsen, H. T. - Bukh, P. N. (2005), ‘‘Dealing with the Knowledge Economy: Intellectual Capital Versus Balanced Scorecard’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(1), pp. 8–27.
• Oppong, G. K. - Pattanayak, J. K. (2019), ‘‘Does Investing in Intellectual Capital Improve Productivity? Panel Evidence from Commercial Banks in India’’, Borsa Istanbul Review, 19(3), pp. 219–227.
• Ozkan, N. - Cakan, S. - Kayacan, M. (2017), “Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance: A Study of the Turkish Banking Sector”, Borsa Istanbul Review, 17(3), pp. 190–198.
• Pedro, E. - Leitão, J. - Alves, H. (2018), ‘‘Back to the Future of Intellectual Capital Research: A Systematic Literature Review’’, Management Decision, 56(11), pp. 2502–2583.
• Pulic, A. (1998), “Measuring the Performance of Intellectual Potential in Knowledge Economy”, The Second McMaster World Congress on Measuring and Managing Intellectual Capital, Şubat 1998, Hamilton.
• Pulic, A. (2004), “Intellectual Capital: Does it Create or Destroy Value?”, Measuring Business Excellence, 8(1), pp. 62–68.
• Roos, G. - Roos, J. (1997), ‘‘Measuring Your Company’s Intellectual Performance’’, Long Range Planning, 30(3), pp. 413–426.
• Roos, J. - Roos, G. - Dragonetti, N. C. - Edvinsson, L. (1997), ‘‘Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New Business’’ Macmillan, Basingstoke.
• Soewarno, N. - Tjahjadi, B. (2020), ‘‘Measures that Matter: An Empirical Investigation of Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banking Firms in Indonesia’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(6), pp. 1085–1106.
• Stewart, T. A. (1997), ‘‘Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations’’, Doubleday, New York.
• Sullivan, P. H. (2000), “Profiting from Intellectual Capital”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), pp. 33– 46.
• Sveiby, K. E. (1997), ‘‘The Intangible Assets Monitor’’, Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting. 2(1), pp. 73–97.
• Tran, D. B. - Vo, D. H. (2018), ‘‘Should Bankers be Concerned with Intellectual Capital? A Study of the Thai Banking Sector’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 19(5), pp. 897–914.
• Tran, N. P. - Vo, D. H. (2020) ‘‘Do Banks Accumulate A Higher Level of Intellectual Capital? Evidence from an Emerging Market’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 23(2), pp. 439–457.
• Vidyarthi, H. (2019), ‘‘Dynamics of Intellectual Capitals and Bank Efficiency in India’’, The Service Industries Journal, 39(1), pp. 1–24.
• Wang, W. - Chang, C. (2005), ‘‘Intellectual Capital and Performance in Causal Models: Evidence from the Information Technology Industry in Taiwan’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), pp. 222–236.
• Weqar, F. - Khan, A. M. . Raushan, M. A. - Haque, S. M. I. (2021), ‘‘Measuring the Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Financial Performance of the Finance Sector of India’’, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 12(3), pp. 1134–1151.
• Xu, J. - Haris, M. - Yao, H. (2019), ‘‘Should Listed Banks Be Concerned with Intellectual Capital in Emerging Asian Markets? A Comparison between China and Pakistan Performance in Emerging Asian Markets’’, Sustainability, 11(23), 6582.
• Yalama, A. - Coskun, M. (2007), ‘‘Intellectual Capital Performance of Quoted Banks on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), pp. 256–271.
• Yao, H. - Haris, M. - Tariq, G. - Javaid, H. M. - Khan, M. A. S. (2019), ‘‘Intellectual Capital, Profitability, and Productivity: Evidence from Pakistani Financial Institutions’’, Sustainability, 11(14), 3842.
• Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2018), ‘‘İleri panel Veri Analizi’’, Beta Yayıncılık (3. Baskı), İstanbul.
• Yılmaz, Y. K. - Aybars, A. (2021), ‘‘Entelektüel Sermaye ve Performans Arasındaki İlişki: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerine Bir Çalışma’’, Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 13(25), ss. 918–932.
• Zheng, C. - Islam, Md. N. - Hasan, N. - Halim, Md. A. (2022), ‘‘Does Intellectual Capital Efficiency Matter for Banks’ Performance and Risk–Taking Behavior?’’, Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1), pp.1-26