Türkiye'de Finansal Okuryazarlık: Bibliyometrik bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2011 ile 2025 yılları arasında Türkiye'de yapılan hakemli finansal okuryazarlık araştırmalarının ilk sistematik ve kapsamlı haritasını sunmaktadır. PRISMA yönergeleri izlenerek ve R-paket bibliometrix kullanılarak, Scopus ve Web of Science'da indekslenen 25 makale tespit edilip analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, yayın faaliyetlerinde kademeli ancak istikrarlı bir artış, yıllık %8,16'lık bir büyüme oranı, ağırlıklı olarak yurt içi işbirliği modelleri ve sınırlı uluslararası ortak yazarlık olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar kelime analizi, Türk araştırmalarının büyük ölçüde finansal davranış, finansal eğitim ve demografik belirleyicilere odaklandığını, dijital finans okuryazarlığı ve sürdürülebilir finans okuryazarlığı gibi konuların ise yeterince araştırılmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar ayrıca, uluslararası karşılaştırmalı kanıtlarla tutarlı olarak, Türkiye'deki çeşitli nüfus gruplarında finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerinin düşük olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, tekrarlanabilir bir bibliyometrik temel sağlayarak, alanın tematik gelişimini netleştirmekte, yapısal araştırma boşluklarını belirlemekte ve Türkiye'de finansal kapasiteyi güçlendirmek için politika ile ilgili yönelimleri özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• finansal okuryazarlık
• bibliyometri
• PRISMA
• R bibliometrix
• Türkiye

Financial Literacy in Türkiye: A Bibliometric Analysis

Öz

This study provides the first systematic and comprehensive mapping of peer-reviewed financial literacy research conducted in Turkey between 2011 and 2025. Following PRISMA guidelines and using the R-package bibliometrix, 25 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science were identified and analysed. The findings indicate a gradual but steady increase in publication activity, an annual growth rate of 8.16%, predominantly domestic collaboration patterns, and limited international co-authorship. Keyword analysis reveals that Turkish research has largely focused on financial behaviour, financial education, and demographic determinants, while topics such as digital finance literacy and sustainable finance literacy remain underexplored. The results also confirm low financial literacy levels across several Turkish population groups, consistent with international comparative evidence. By providing a replicable bibliometric baseline, this study clarifies the thematic evolution of the field, identifies structural research gaps, and outlines policy-relevant directions for strengthening financial capability in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• financial literacy
• bibliometrics
• PRISMA
• R bibliometrix
• Turkey

Kaynakça

1. Akben-Selcuk, E.- Altiok-Yilmaz, A. (2014). “Financial literacy among Turkish college students: The role of formal education, learning approaches, and parental teaching”. Psychological Reports, 115(2), 351–371. https://doi.org/10.2466/31.11.PR0.115c18z3
2. Alkan, Ö.- Oktay, E. - Ünver, S.- Gerni, E. (2020). “Determination of factors affecting the financial literacy of university students in Eastern Anatolia using ordered regression models”. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(5), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.105.536.546
3. Aren, S.- Nayman Hamamci, H. (2020). “Relationship between risk aversion, risky investment intention, investment choices: Impact of personality traits and emotion”. Kybernetes, 49(11), 2651–2682. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2019-0455
4. Aria, M.- Cuccurullo, C. (2017). “Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis”. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
5. Aydin, A. E.- Akben Selcuk, E. (2019). “An investigation of financial literacy, money ethics and time preferences among college students: A structural equation model”. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(3), 880–900. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-05-2018-0120
6. Ayhan, B. (2019). “Constituting financialized subjectivities: cultural political economy of financial literacy in Türkiye”. Turkish Studies, 20(5), 680–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1520103
7. Bilici, M. R.- Çevik, S. (2023). “Financial literacy and cash holdings in Türkiye”. Central Bank Review, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbrev.2023.100129
8. Broadus, R. N. (1987). “Toward a Definition of “Bibliometrics””. Scientometrics, 12, 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016680

9. Doğanay, M.- Ünal, O. (2011). “Financial education in Türkiye and expectations of practice”. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 64. http://www.eurojournals.com/finance.htm
10. Ergün, K. (2018). “Financial literacy among university students: a study in eight european countries”. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12408
11. Ergüzel, O. Ş.- Ersoy, A. Y.- Saygılı, M.- Özsoy, S. (2025). “Fintech awareness, financial knowledge and risk tolerance during the covid-19: insights from Türkiye”. Eastern European Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2025.2496991
12. Gallucci, C.- Giakoumelou, A.- Santulli, R.- Tipaldi, R. (2023). “How financial literacy moderates the relationship between qualitative business information and the success of an equity crowdfunding campaign: evidence from mediterranean and gulf cooperation council countries”. Technology in Society, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102401
13. Geyikçi, U. B.- Uzuner, A. T.- Geyikçi, S. (2021). “Determination of the financial literacy characteristics of prisoners: the case of Türkiye, a developing country”. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi-Journal of Penal Law and Criminology, 9(1), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.26650/JPLC2020-896201
14. Goyal, K.- Kumar, S. (2021). “Financial literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis”. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(1), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12605
15. Karaa, I. E.- Kuğu, T. D. (2016). “Determining advanced and basic financial literacy relations and overconfidence, and informative social media association of university students in Türkiye”. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri-Education Sciences: Theory and Practice, 16(6), 1865–1891. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.6.0415
16. Kimzan, I.- Yüksek Usta, S. (2024). Children understand economics too: knowledge and experience of basic financial concepts. Early Child Development and Care. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2024.2443736
17. Kokkizi, M.- Karakurum-Ozdemir, K.- Uysal, G. (2017). “Financial literacy in developing countries”. Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 19(2). http://www.luc.edu/orgs/meea/
18. Kuzubaş, T. U.- Saltoğlu, B. (2024). “Survey-based measures of risk attitudes and portfolio risk: Evidence from pension participants”. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100973
19. Liberati, A.- Altman, D. G.- Tetzlaff, J.- Mulrow, C.- Gøtzsche, P. C.- Ioannidis, J. P. A.- Clarke, M.- Devereaux, P. J.- Kleijnen, J.- Moher, D. (2009). “The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and Elaboration”. PLoS Medicine, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100
20. OECD. (2017). “PISA 2015 assessment and analytical framework”. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264281820-en
21. OECD. (2023). “OECD/INFE 2023 international survey of adult financial literacy”. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.
22. Ozkale, A.- Aprea, C. (2024). “A guidebook for the integration of financial literacy to mathematics courses”. Int. J. Learning and Change, 16(1), 28–30.
23. Pritchard, A. (1969). “Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics”. Journal of Documentation, 25, 348-349.
24. Sarigül, H. (2024). “Financial literacy gender gap: a meta-analysis”. Sosyoekonomi, 32(61), 97–123. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.03.06
25. Sel, B. (2022). “Action research on interdisciplinary teaching of financial literacy in elementary schools”. Turkish Journal of Education, 11(4), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.19128/turje.1057732
26. Top, Y.- Özbek, A. (2022). “Financial literacy in micro-scale enterprises operating in forest products sector: Sample of Gümüşhane, Türkiye”. Drvna Industrija, 73(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2035
27. Türkmen, A.- Kılıç, Y. (2022). “What matters for pension planning in Türkiye: Financial literacy or perceived consumer risks?” International Journal of Social Economics, 49(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-03-2021-0140
28. Yucel, O.- Celik, G.- Yilmaz, Z. (2023). “Sustainable investment attitudes based on sustainable finance literacy and perceived environmental impact”. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216026