Organization of Audit Profession in Albania from the Perspective of Auditing Regulations

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 20, 45 - 62, 25.01.2021

Mustafa Üç Alba Kruja

Öz

Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic operations and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users. Albania as a developing country, coming from a socialist regime after the 1990s, is passing through a deep transformation process passing from a socialist and centralized economy to a public economy where the free market economy rules are applied. Objectives of this study are to analyze the historical developments from 1990`s up to now of the auditing profession, legal regulations and education in Albania.

Anahtar Kelimeler

External and internal auditing, Professional organization, Legal regulations, Educational developments, Albania

Kaynakça

• Cela H. (2004), “Towards application of new standards on accounting and auditing – Albanian challenge on implementing IAS/IFRSs and ISAs”, OECD Report.
• Directive 2006/43 of 17 May 2006 on statutory audits of annual accounts and consolidated accounts, amending Council Directives 78/ 660/EEC and 83/349/EEC and repealing Council Directive 84/253/EEC, (9.6.2006), Official Journal of the European Union L 157, 87-107.
• Eighth Council Directive of 10 April 1984 based on Article 54 (3) (g) of the Treaty on the approval of persons responsible for carrying out the statutory audits of accounting documents (84/253/EEC), http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/auditing/directives/index_en.htm
• IFAC Member Body Compliance Program, (2009, October), http://web.ifac.org/download/basis-of-isa-adoption.pdf
• ISA 160 (Redrafted), (2008, October), “Using the Work of Internal Auditors”, International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, International Federation of Accountants
• Kruja, A., Üç, M., Elitaş, C. (2008). A Historical Review of Abanian Accounting System and its Present Status.12th World Congress of Accounting Historians. Association of Accounting and Finance Academicians. Vol. 1, 367-384.
• Law No.7638, dated 19.11.1992 “On Commercial Companies”
• Lee, T. A., The Evolution of Audit Thought and Practice, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988), p. 3, 5, 6
• Ligj Nr.10 091, datë 5.3.2009 “Për auditimin ligjor, organizimin e profesionit të ekspertit kontabël të regjistruar dhe të kontabilistit të miratuar”
• Ligj Nr.8365, date 2.7.1998 “Per Bankat ne Republiken e Shqiperise”
• Ligj Nr.9662 datë 18.12.2006 “Për bankat në Republiken e Shqiperise”
• Ligj Nr.9228, date 29.04.2004 “Per kontabilitetin dhe pasqyrat financiare”, ndryshuar me Ligjin Nr. 9477 date 09.02.2006
• Ligj Nr.9901, date 14.4.2008 “Për shoqëritë tregtare”
• Ligj. Nr.25/2018 on Accounting and Financial Statements.
• McCreevy, Ch. (2007), Striving for a Single European Market - The role of accounting, Congress of German Public Auditors, Berlin (http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/07/693&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en)
• Picket, K.H. (2008). The Internal Auditing Handbook, 3rd Edition, USA, Wiley.
• Porter, B., Hatherly, D., Simon, J. (2008). Principles of External Auditing, 3rd Edition, USA, Wiley.
• Smieliauskas, W., Robertson , J. Auditing: An International Approach, 3rd Edition, Canada, McGraw Hill: 2004, p. 4, 5
• VKM nr.150, datë 31.3.2000 “Për miratimin e rregullave për organizimin e profesionit të ekspertëve kontabël, të autorizuar”, ndryshuar me vendimin e Këshillit të Ministratve nr.625, datë 12.11.2001 (government decree Nr. 150 dated 30 March 2000, that regulated both the organization of the profession and audit activity as well)
• Whittington, R., Panny, K. (2003), Principles of Auditing and Other Assurance Services, 14th edition, USA, McGraw Hill: 2003, p.7, 8
• The World Bank (2019), Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Accounting and Auditing in Albania, Washington.
• Üç, M. and Trepca, O. (2020). “The Effectiveness of Internal Audit: Evidence from Albanian Banking Industry” International Conference Challenges and Opportunities of a Contemporary Economy in The Focus of Knowledge and Science COCEFEKS 2020, Faculty of Economics, University of Tirana, Tirana/Albania, February 28-29 2020, p.175-187.
• Ylli D. (2008, Korrik), “Edhe një here mbi nevojën dhe mënyrën e rregullimit të profesionit “auditues i jashtëm”, Kontabilitet Financë & Auditim Nr.23, 3-5, IEKA. Tirane, Albania
• http://www.aaal.edu.al/AL/publike.htm#utiranes, Erişim Tarihi: 04.05.2019.
• https://www.ifac.org/about-ifac/membership/country/albania, Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2019.
• http://www.ieka.org.al, Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2019.
• http://www.ieka.org.al/Default.aspx, Erişim Tarihi: 21.04.2019.
• http://www.mash.gov.al/arsimi_larte/universitet-private.html, Erişim Tarihi: 27.07.2019.