KAPİTALİZMİN ‘ZENGİNLEŞME’ PARADOKSUNUN ARİSTO-MACINTYRE DÜŞÜNCESİNDE ÇÖZÜMLENMEYE ÇALIŞILMASI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 59, 170 - 193, 17.11.2020

Ahmet Yavuz Çamlı

Öz

Modern kapitalizm, Batı dünyasında daha önce tecrübe edilmemiş bir ekonomik büyümenin gerçekleşmesini sağlar. Bu süreçte Batı toplumları giderek daha fazla zenginleşir. Zenginlik artışı ise seküler-rasyonel zihniyetin olgunlaşmasına ve bir aşamadan sonra tüm alanları kolonize etmesine yol açar. Para, güç ve başarının nihai amaç olarak içselleştirilmesiyle ekonomik hayatta ahlak, hak, adalet, erdemlilik, iyilik ve dayanışma gibi değerler etkinliğini yitirir. Bireyin eylemlerine, kararlarına ve hayatına anlam üreten sosyo-kültürel sistem büyük ölçüde tahrip olur. Yani kapitalizmde, uçsuz bucaksız bir zenginlik karşılığında dini ve ahlaki ilkelerin egemenliğine son verilir. Ayrıca zenginleşme uğruna insan amaç/özne olmaktan çıkarılıp bir araç/şey konumuna düşürülür. Batı’da bu temel problemin çözümlenmesi adına pek çok teori üretilir. Ancak bu girişimler, kapitalist zihniyetin domine ettiği çerçeve dışına çıkamadığından bir yapısal reform niteliğine ulaşamazlar. Bu nedenle çalışmada kapitalizmin ürettiği zenginleşme paradoksunun ve buna bağlı oluşan krizlerin doğru bir şekilde çözümlenebilmesi için öncelikle zihni yapının yeniden inşa edilmesi gerektiği savunulmuştur. Zenginleşmenin doğru bir şekilde yönetilmesi konusunda Batı düşünce dünyasının en önemli isimlerinden Aristo ve Yeni-Aristocu kabul edilen MacIntyre’a müracaat edilmiştir. Bu düşünce ekseninde, Max Weber’in akıl ve ahlak yönelimli “ekonomik pratik-rasyonellik” olgusunun iktisadi zihniyet dinamiklerine ikame edilmesi çözüm önerisi olarak öne sürülecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aristo, MacIntyre, Rasyonelleşme, Ekonomik Pratik-Rasyonellik, İktisadi Adalet, Etik

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