Görünüş ve Gerçeklik Arasında Hakikat Sonrası: Post-Truth Söyleme Eleştirel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 175 - 190, 31.12.2024

Dursun Akyasan , Erol Sungur

https://doi.org/10.33817/muhakeme.1572759

Öz

Post-truth kavramı ilk kez 1992 yılında Steve Tesich tarafından, Amerikan toplumunun gerçekleri duymak yerine yalanlarla kandırılmayı tercih etmesiyle belirginleşen sosyo-politik bir durumu ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Türkçede en kabul gören çevirisiyle hakikat-sonrası kavramı bugün, basitçe artık sözlerin gerçeğe uygun olup olmamasının toplumsal olarak umursanmadığı bir çağa ait özellikleri nitelemek için kullanılmaktadır. İnternet tabanlı haberleşmenin ve sosyal medya araçlarının iletişim üzerindeki etkisi insanların kendilerine ulaşan “haber”in doğruluğuna-yanlışlığına önem vermemesi olgusuyla bir araya geldiğinde günümüzü post-truth olarak tanımlamak isabetli görünmektedir. Fakat görünüş aldatıcı olabilir. Kavram, modernizmin yaşadığı krizlerden siyasal iletişim biçimlerine, postmodernizmle hesaplaşmaktan tekno-determinist sosyal dönüşüm ve yeni medya gibi geniş bir bağlam yelpazesinde anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak, henüz post-truth nitelemesinin yeni bir toplumsal duruma işaret edip etmediği açıkça ortaya konulabilmiş değildir. Dahası post-truth olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir durumun gerçekten var olup olmadığı bile tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada post-truth kavramının tartışmalı yönleri ortaya konularak kavramın aslında insanın hakikat karşısında aldığı zihinsel bir tavrın toplumsal düzeydeki görünümlerinden biri olduğu açıklanacaktır. Hakikat karşısındaki bu tavır sosyal medya mekanizmasının işleyiş biçimi nedeniyle günümüzde çok daha görünür olmuştur. Bu da post-truth kavramının, ifade gücünü aşan bir referans ağıyla sarmalanması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Şu andaki kullanımıyla post-truth, kendisine yüklenmeye çalışılan anlamı taşıyamayan bir kavramsallaştırmadır. Post-truth’un yeni bir durumu ifade ettiği söylemi, kavramın anlam çerçevesinin sadece bu yeni görünümü ifade edecek şekilde yeniden çizilmesiyle haklılık kazanabilecektir. Bu durumda şu anda post-truth kavramının içine sığdırılmaya çalışılan fakat aslında çok daha geniş ölçekli bir çerçevenin içine oturtulması gereken durum için yeni bir kavrama ihtiyaç duyulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Felsefe ve Sosyoloji, Post-Truth, Hakikat, Kamuoyu, Postmodernizm

POST-TRUTH BETWEEN APPEARANCE AND REALITY: A CRITICAL APPROACH TO POST-TRUTH DISCOURSE

Öz

The concept of post-truth was first used by Steve Tesich in 1992 to refer to a socio-political situation that became evident when American society preferred to be deceived by lies rather than hearing the truth. Today the term is simply used to describe features belonging to an era in which the truthfulness of words was not socially cared for. When the impact of internet-based communication and social media tools on communication is combined with the fact that people do not attach importance to the accuracy or inaccuracy of the "information" that reaches them, it appears appropriate to define our age as post-truth. But appearances can be deceiving. The concept has been tried to be understood in a wide range of contexts such as the crises experienced by modernism, political forms of communication, reckoning with postmodernism, techno-determinist social transformation and new media. However, it has not been clearly demonstrated whether the post-truth characterization refers to a new social situation. Moreover, it is a matter of debate whether there is even a situation that can be described as post-truth. In this study, the controversial aspects of the concept of post-truth will be revealed, and it will be explained that the concept is actually one of the social-level manifestations of a mental attitude people assume in the face of truth. This attitude towards the truth has become much more visible today due to the way the social media mechanism works. This has led to the concept of post-truth being surrounded by a network of references that exceeds its expressive power. In its current usage, post-truth is a conceptualization that does not convey the meaning attributed to it. The discourse that post-truth expresses a new situation can be justified on the condition that the semantic framework of the concept is redrawn to express only this appearance. In this case, a new concept will be needed for the situation currently being tried to fit into the concept of post-truth, but which actually needs to be placed within a much larger framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Philosophy and Sociology, Post-Truth, Truth, Public Opinion, Postmodernism

Kaynakça

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