Kuş Çarpmaları ve Uçaklara Etkileri Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme Çalışması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 60 Sayı: 696, 192 - 220, 30.10.2019

Orhan Gülcan

Öz

Kuş çarpmaları havacılık emniyetine ciddi bir tehdittir. Uçaklardaki yabancı madde hasarlarının % 90’ı kuş çarpmaları kaynaklıdır. Çoğu kuş çarpması, uçak düşük irtifada iken, uçağın kalkış ve inişi sırasında meydana gelir. Uçuş emniyetini sağlamak için, havacılık yönetmelikleri kritik parçalar için (burun, ön cam, motor alığı, kanat veya kuyruk hücum kenarları gibi rüzgaraltı parçalar) kuş çarpmasına karşı belli bir seviyede dayanım isterler. Bu kriterleri sağlayabilmek için hem kuş çarpması testleri yapılır, hem de, testlerin pahalı olmasından dolayı, bilgisayar ortamında numerik simulasyona dayalı analizler yapılır. Testlerde ve analizlerde kullanılacak uygun parametrelerin seçimi, gerçek bir kuş çarpması sonucu uçakta oluşacak hasarın önceden tespit edilebilmesi ve ilgili uçak parçalarının tasarımının buna göre yapılabilmesi açısından büyük önem arz eder. Bu çalışmada, kuş çarpması problemi ile alakalı teorik arka plan, sonlu eleman analizleri (model kuş malzemeleri, kuş modelleme metotları, kuş geometrisi) ve ilgili testlerden bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuş çarpması, uçak, temsili kuş

A Review on Bird Strike and its Effect on Aircrafts

Öz

Bird strike is a significant threat to aviation safety. Of all foreign object damages to aircraft, 90 % can be attributed to the bird strikes. Most bird strikes are occurred when an aircraft is at a low altitude during take-off and landing phases of a flight. To ensure flight safety, aviation regulations require a certain level of bird strike resistance for critical components (windward components such as nose, windshield, motor engine inlet, wing or tail leading edges). To meet these regulations, both bird strike tests are conducted experimentally and also analyses based on numerical simulation are made in computer environment due to expensiveness of these tests. Choosing the proper parameters in the tests and the analyses is very important in order to be able to pre-determine the damage following a real bird strike event and to design related components in accordance with these parameters. This paper reviews theoretical background, the finite element analyses (based on substitute bird materials, bird modelling methods, bird geometry) and related tests about bird strike problem.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bird strike, aircraft, substitude bird

Kaynakça

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