Dizel İçten Yanmalı Motorlarda Silindir İçindeki Hava Hareketlerinin İncelenmesi ve Ölçüm Metodlarının Karşılaştırılması
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 62 Sayı: 703, 221 - 244, 15.06.2021
Burak Yelken
,
İsmail Hakki Savci
,
Zafer Dülger
Öz
Dizel motorlarda yanma odası içerisindeki yakıt ve hava karışımı tam olarak homojen değildir. Bu karışımın silindir içinde hareketinin davranış özelliklerini çözebilmek için çeşitli modellemeler yapılmış olsa da henüz tam olarak tamamlanmış ve anlaşılmış değildir. Silindir içindeki hava hareketlerinin özellikle motor yanma performansı ve emisyon çıktılarına etkisi büyüktür. Motor emiş sırasında, hava silindir içerisinde girdap ve takla olmak üzere iki farklı hareket yapabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada özellikle girdap hareketi üzerinde durulacaktır. Son yıllarda gelişen lazer ve kamera teknolojileri sayesinde girdap hareketini gözlemleyebilmek ve kaydedebilmek mümkün olabilmektedir.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, çalışmaya özgü olarak, 9l bir dizel motorun hava emiş portunu temsil eden hızlı prototip parça yaptırılmıştır. 9l motor hava emişi temsil eden bu parça üzerinde balpeteği yöntemi kullanılarak girdap katsayıları ölçülmüştür. Yapılan belirsizlik analizi ile yapılan testin hata mertebesi belirlenmiştir. Parçacık görüntülemeli hız ölçümü (PGHÖ) tekniği ile aynı parça üzerinde girdap ölçümü 2 boyutlu ve 3 boyutlu olarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. PGHÖ tekniği için belirsizlik analizi yapılarak hata mertebesi belirlenmiştir. Yöntemler arasında bir karşılaştırma ve uygunluk konusunda değerlendirilme yapılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- 1Sciacchitano, A.,2014. “Uncertainty quantification in particle image velocimetry and advances in time-resolved image and data analysis” PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft. doi: 10.4233/uuid:bfe57561-523f-4e7e-8e28-e804a6f1625e
- Wieneke, B. 2017. “PIV Uncertainty Quantification and Beyond” PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft. doi: 10.4233/uuid:4ca8c0b8-0835-47c3-8523-12fc356768f3
- Abe, M., Longmire, E. K., Hishida, K. and Maeda, M., 2000. “A Comparison of 2D and 3D PIV Measurements in an Oblique Jet” Journal of Visualization, vol.3, No.2, pp.165-173. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-visualization/jov3-2-09
- Warner, Scott O., 2012. “Autocorrelation-based estimate of particle image density in particle image velocimetry” Ms.C. thesis, Utah State University, Utah. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1386/
- Rabault, J., Vernet, J., Alfredson, P., 2016. “A study using PIV of the intake flow in a diesel engine cylinder” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol.62, pp.56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2016.06.020
- Timmins, B.H, 2011. “Automatic particle image velocimetry uncertainty quantification” Ms.C. thesis, Utah State University, Utah. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/884/
- Doosje, E., Bastiaans R.J.M., Baert, R.S.G., 2004. “Application of PIV to characterise the Flow-Phenomena of a Heavy-Duty Cylinder Head on a Stationary Flow-Bench, In Particle Image Velocimetry: Recent Improvements” Springer, pp. 301-313. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18795-7_22
- Bottom, K.E., 2003. “PIV measurements of in-cylinder flow and correlation with engine performance” Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Wisconsin. https://search.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/305284162/51E61068881B4A96PQ/1?accountid=16382
- Cosadia, I., Bore´e, J., Charnay, G., Dumont, P., 2006. “Cyclic variations of the swirling flow in a diesel transparent engine” Experiments in Fluids, vol.41, pp.115–134. doi: 10.1007/s00348-006-0163-4
- Funken, B., Doğan, B., 2014 “Port Flow Test Rig Manual” FEV.
https://www.fev.com/fileadmin/user_upload/TEC-INFOS-Flow_Test_Bench-EN-DE.pdf
- Onan, Cenk, 2013. “Boruların dış yüzeyindeki hareketli sıvı filminden olan ısı ve kütle transferinin
incelenmesi” Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=C.%C2%A0Onan%2C+Heat+and+Mass+Transfer+Analysis+of+the+Falling+Film+Outside+the+Horizontal+Tubes.+Ph.D.+Thesis%2C+Yildiz+Technical+University%2C+Istanbul%2C+Turkey%2C+2013.
- Kline, S.J. ve McClintock, F.A., 1953. “Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments” Mechanical
Engineering, vol.75: pp.3–8.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Describing%20uncertainties%20in%20single-sample%20experiments&author=S.J.%20Kine&publication_year=1953&pages=3-8
- Sadıkov E., Kangı R., Uğur S, 1995. “Ölçüm Belirsizliği” TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü, UME 95-014 pp.55-61. https://www.ume.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/images/ume/ume-95-014.pdf
Investigation of Air Movement in Cylinder in Diesel Internal Combustion Engines and Comparison of Measurement Methods
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 62 Sayı: 703, 221 - 244, 15.06.2021
Burak Yelken
,
İsmail Hakki Savci
,
Zafer Dülger
Öz
Fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber is not the homogeneous distribution. Although various models have been developed to understand the characterization of the mixture movement inside the cylinder, it is not well understood. Air movements in the cylinder have a great effect on engine combustion performance and engine emissions. During the suction of the engine, the air can discharge with different movements through to the cylinder as swirl and tumble. In this study, swirl performance is investigated with laser and camera technologies.
Within the scope of this work, a prototype part that represents the air intake port of a 9l diesel engine was manufactured with a rapid prototype method. Swirl coefficients were measured using the honeycomb torque method. The error level of the test was determined by the uncertainty analysis. Swirl measurement was performed with the particle imaging velocimeter (PIV) technique in two dimensions and three dimensions. The degree of error was determined by performing uncertainty analysis for the PIV technique as well. A comparison between the methods and evaluation of suitability was completed.
Destekleyen Kurum
Ford Otosan
Kaynakça
- 1Sciacchitano, A.,2014. “Uncertainty quantification in particle image velocimetry and advances in time-resolved image and data analysis” PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft. doi: 10.4233/uuid:bfe57561-523f-4e7e-8e28-e804a6f1625e
- Wieneke, B. 2017. “PIV Uncertainty Quantification and Beyond” PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft. doi: 10.4233/uuid:4ca8c0b8-0835-47c3-8523-12fc356768f3
- Abe, M., Longmire, E. K., Hishida, K. and Maeda, M., 2000. “A Comparison of 2D and 3D PIV Measurements in an Oblique Jet” Journal of Visualization, vol.3, No.2, pp.165-173. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-visualization/jov3-2-09
- Warner, Scott O., 2012. “Autocorrelation-based estimate of particle image density in particle image velocimetry” Ms.C. thesis, Utah State University, Utah. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1386/
- Rabault, J., Vernet, J., Alfredson, P., 2016. “A study using PIV of the intake flow in a diesel engine cylinder” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol.62, pp.56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2016.06.020
- Timmins, B.H, 2011. “Automatic particle image velocimetry uncertainty quantification” Ms.C. thesis, Utah State University, Utah. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/884/
- Doosje, E., Bastiaans R.J.M., Baert, R.S.G., 2004. “Application of PIV to characterise the Flow-Phenomena of a Heavy-Duty Cylinder Head on a Stationary Flow-Bench, In Particle Image Velocimetry: Recent Improvements” Springer, pp. 301-313. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-18795-7_22
- Bottom, K.E., 2003. “PIV measurements of in-cylinder flow and correlation with engine performance” Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Wisconsin. https://search.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/305284162/51E61068881B4A96PQ/1?accountid=16382
- Cosadia, I., Bore´e, J., Charnay, G., Dumont, P., 2006. “Cyclic variations of the swirling flow in a diesel transparent engine” Experiments in Fluids, vol.41, pp.115–134. doi: 10.1007/s00348-006-0163-4
- Funken, B., Doğan, B., 2014 “Port Flow Test Rig Manual” FEV.
https://www.fev.com/fileadmin/user_upload/TEC-INFOS-Flow_Test_Bench-EN-DE.pdf
- Onan, Cenk, 2013. “Boruların dış yüzeyindeki hareketli sıvı filminden olan ısı ve kütle transferinin
incelenmesi” Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=C.%C2%A0Onan%2C+Heat+and+Mass+Transfer+Analysis+of+the+Falling+Film+Outside+the+Horizontal+Tubes.+Ph.D.+Thesis%2C+Yildiz+Technical+University%2C+Istanbul%2C+Turkey%2C+2013.
- Kline, S.J. ve McClintock, F.A., 1953. “Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments” Mechanical
Engineering, vol.75: pp.3–8.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Describing%20uncertainties%20in%20single-sample%20experiments&author=S.J.%20Kine&publication_year=1953&pages=3-8
- Sadıkov E., Kangı R., Uğur S, 1995. “Ölçüm Belirsizliği” TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü, UME 95-014 pp.55-61. https://www.ume.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/images/ume/ume-95-014.pdf