Energy, Exergy and Exergoeconomic Performance Assessments Of A Turbo Diesel Aviation Engine Used On Unmanned Air Vehicles

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 63 Sayı: 708, 473 - 491, 16.09.2022

Özgür Balli

https://doi.org/10.46399/muhendismakina.1111975

Öz

In this study, the performance of a turbodiesel aviation engine used in unmanned aerial vehicles was evaluated using energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses methods. The engine’s energy efficiency was 43.158%, while its exergy efficiency was 40.655%. When the engine’s fuel energy loss rate was 56.842%, the fuel exergy loss rate was calculated to be 59.345 %. The environmental impact factor, ecological impact factor, ecological objective function, exergetic sustainability index, and sustainable efficiency factor of a turbodiesel engine were calculated to be 1.460, 2.460, -227.173 MJ/h, 0.685, and 1.685, respectively. According to the results of the turbodiesel engine’s economic and exergo-economic analyses, the total cost flow for power generation was calculated to be 47.035 $/h, and the specific exergy cost of the generated power was calculated to be 0.095 $/MJ. The relative cost increasing (relative cost difference) between the engine’s fuel cost and the production cost was found to be 248.655% and the system’s exergoeconomic factor was found to be 16.346%. Furthermore, the performance criteria of the turbodiesel aviation engine and the piston-prop aviation engine were compared in this study. The turbodiesel engine’s performance parameters were determined to be significantly better than those of the piston-prop engine.

Anahtar Kelimeler

UAV, Turbodiesel engine, Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic

İnsansız Hava Araçlarında Kullanılan Turbo Dizel Bir Havacılık Motorunun Enerji, Ekserji ve Ekserjiekonomik Performansının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada; enerji, ekserji ve eksergo-ekonomik analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak insansız hava araçları için kullanılan turbodizel bir havacılık motorunun performans doğrulaması yapılmıştır. Motorun enerji verimi %43.158, ekserji verimi ise %40.655 olarak bulunmuştur. Motorun yakıt enerjisi kayıp oranı %56.842 iken yakıt ekserji kayıp oranı %59.345 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Turbodizel motorun çevresel etki faktörü 1.460, ekolojik etki faktörü 2.460, ekolojik objektif fonksiyon değeri -227.173 MJ/h, ekserjetik sürdürebilirlik indeksi 0.685 ve sürdürülebilir verimlilik faktörü ise 1.685 olarak elde edilmiştir. Turbodizel motorun ekonomik ve eksergo-ekonomik analiz sonuçlarına göre; güç üretimi için toplam maliyet akışı 47.035 $/h ve üretilen gücün özgül ekserji maliyeti 0.095 $/MJ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Diğer yandan motorun yakıt maliyeti ile üretim maliyeti arasındaki bağıl maliyet artışı %248.655, sistemin eksergo-ekonomik faktörü %16.346 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, turbodizel havacılık motoru ile piston-prop havacılık motorunun performans kriterleri de karşılaştırılmıştır. Turbodizel motorun tüm performans parametrelerinin, piston-prop motorun parametrelerinden çok daha iyi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İHA, Turbodizel motor, Enerji, Ekserji, Ekserjiekonomik

Kaynakça

• Newcome LR. Unmanned Aviation: A Brief History of Unmanned Air Vehicles, Reston: The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.
• Prior D, Shen ST, White AS, Odedra S, Karamanoglu M,. Erbil MA, Foran T. Development of a Novel Platform for Greater Situational Awareness in the Urban Military Terrain, Proc. 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, San Diego, USA, 2009, pp. 120-125.
• Astrov I, Pedai A. Control of Hovering Manoeuvres in Unmanned Helicopter for Enhanced Situational Awareness, Proc. International Conference on Industrial Mechatronics and Automation, Chengdu, China, 2009, pp. 143-146.X1.
• Colomina I, Molina P. Unmanned aerial systems for photogrammetry and remote sensing: A review, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014 . 92: 79–97.
• Yali Y, Feng S, Yuanxi W. Controller Design of Quadrotor Aerial Robot, Physics Procedia. 2012; 33: 1254 – 1260.
• Hoffmann GM, Huang H,. Waslander SL,. Tomlin CJ. Precision flight control for a multi-vehicle quadrotor helicopter testbed, Control Engineering Practice, 2011; 19(9): 1023– 1036.
• Romero H,. Salazar S, Lozano R. Real Time Stabilization of an Eight-Rotor UAV Using Optical Flow, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2009; 25(4):809-817.
• Bošnak M, Matko D, Blažič S. Quadrocopter control using an on-board video system with off-board processing, Robotics and Autonomous System, 2012; 60: 657-667.
• Aasen H, Honkavaara E, Lucieer A, Zarco-Tejada PJ. Quantitative remote sensing at ultra-high resolution with UAV spectroscopy: A review of sensor technology, measurement procedures, and data correction workflows. Remote. Sensing. 2018, 10, 1091.
• Abdullah M, Faizan M, Bhatti MY, Hasham HJ. System design and analysis of hand lunched UAV. In Proceedings of the 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), Islamabad, Pakistan, 10–14 January 2017; pp. 551–560. Energies 2022, 15, 455 22 of 25
• Adamo F, Andria G, Di-Nisio A, Carducci CGC, Lanzolla AM, Mattencini G. Development and characterization of a measurement instrumentation system for UAV components testing. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace, Padua, Italy, 21–23 June 2017; pp. 355–359.
• Gao X, Liu C, Huang Y, Son Z. Design of an UAV-oriented wireless power transfer system with energy-efficient receiver. In Proceedings of the IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Singapore, 18–21 October 2020; pp. 2025–2030.
• Liu C, Yu J, Lee CH. A new electric magnetic-geared machine for electric unmanned aerial vehicles. IEEE Trans. Magn. 2017, 53:1-6.
• Kong X, Liu H. Research progress of key technologies of aviation piston engine for UAV. Small Intern. Combust. Engine Veh. Tech. 2021, 50: 3.
• Saraçyakupoğlu T, Delibaş H D, Özçelik A D.Bir İnsansız Hava Aracının İtki ve Manevra Hareketlerinde Gövde İçi Basınçlı Hava Kullanımı. EJOSAT. 2021; (24): 81-86.
• Kong X, Zhang Z, Lu J, Li J, Yu L. Review of electric power system of distributed electric propulsion aircraft. Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 2018, 39: 021651.
• Zhang B, Song Z, Zhao F, Liu C. Overview of Propulsion Systems for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Energies 2022, 15: 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020455
• TEI-PD170 Turbodizel havacılık motoru. www.tei.com.tr/tr/urunler/tei-pd170-turbodizel-havacılık-motoru Giriş Tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022
• Sünnetçi İbrahim. TEI-PD170 Turbodizel havacılık motoru seri üretim teslim töreni (15 Ocak 2020). www.defenceturkey.com/tr/icerik/tei-pd170-turbodizel-havacilik-motoru-seri-üretim-teslim-töreni-3808 Giriş tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022
• https://jet-a1-fuel.com/price/turkey . Giriş tarihi: 28 Nisan 2022-05-01
• Balli O.Thermodynamic, thermoenvironmental and thermoeconomic analyses of piston-prop engines (PPEs) for landing and take-off (LTO) flight phases Energy. 2022; 250: 123725
• Akdeniz HY. Landing and take-off (LTO) flight phase performances of various piston-prop aviation engines in terms of energy, exergy, irreversibility, aviation, sustainability and environmental viewpoints. Energy 2022;243:123179
• Balli O, Caliskan H. Turbofan engine performances from aviation, thermodynamic and environmental perspectives. Energy 2021;232:121031.
• Balli O, Caliskan H. On-design and off-design operation performance assessments of an aero turboprop engine used on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in terms of aviation, thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability perspectives. Energy Convers Manag 2021;243:114403.
• Rakopoulos CD, Giakoumis EG. Second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation. Prog Energy Combust Sci 2006;32(1):2e47.
• Balli O, Dalkiran A, Karakoc TH. Energetic, exergetic, exergoeconomic, environmental (4E) and sustainability performances of an unmanned aerial vehicle micro turbojet engine. Aircraft Eng Aero Technol 2021;93(7): 1254-1275.
• Akdeniz HY, Balli O. Energetic and exergetic assessment of operating biofuel, hydrogen and conventional JP-8 in a J69 type of aircraft turbojet engine. J Therm Anal Calorim 2021;146:1709-1721.
• Balli O, Ozbek E, Ekici S, Midilli A, Karakoc TH. Thermodynamic comparison of TF33 turbofan engine fueled by hydrogen in benchmark with kerosene. Fuel 2021;306:121686.
• Balli O, Ekici S, Karakoc TH. TF33 Turbofan engine in every respect: performance, environmental, and sustainability assessment. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 2021;40:e13578.
• Balli O, Dalkiran A. Comparative thermodynamic, environmental and sustainability performance assessments of an aero turboprop engine utilizing jet fuel and biofuel. Int J Green Energy 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15435075.2021.2005606.
• Balli O. General aviation and thermodynamic performance analyses of a micro turbojet engine used on drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). J Aviat Res 2020;2(2):115e41. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jar/issue/56600/ 726860.
• Balli O. Exergy modeling for evaluating sustainability level of a high bypassturbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts. Appl Therm Eng 2017;123:138-155.
• Balli O, Caliskan H. Various thermoeconomic assessments of a heat and power system with a micro gas turbine engine used for industry. Energy Convers Manag 2022;252:114984.
• Akdeniz HY, Balli O, Caliskan H. Energy, exergy, economic, environmental, energy based economic, exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic (7E) analyses of a jet fueled turbofan type of aircraft engine. Fuel. 2022: 322:124165.