Türkiye'de Erken Okul Terki: Bireysel Ve Ailevi Özelliklerin Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2004-2023 dönemi için Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından sağlanan Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi (HİA) verilerini kullanarak bireysel ve ailevi faktörlerin eğitimden terk davranışının olasılığını nasıl etkilediğine dair kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, 7-18 yaş arasındaki çocukların okul terk olasılıklarını belirleyen faktörleri analiz etmek için probit modeli kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, yaşın okul terk olasılığı üzerindeki etkisinin erkeklerde daha belirgin olduğunu göstermektedir. Eğitim seviyesi arttıkça, okul terk olasılığının literatürdeki bulgularla uyumlu olarak azaldığı bulunmuştur. Ebeveyn eğitiminin artması, okul terk olasılığında bir azalmaya yol açarken, babanın eğitim seviyesinin, hem 2013 hem de 2023 yıllarında anne eğitim seviyesinden daha güçlü bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ebeveynlerin bir arada yaşadığı hanelerdeki çocukların, tek ebeveynli hanelerdeki çocuklara kıyasla her yıl okuldan daha az ayrılma eğiliminde oldukları gözlenmiştir. Bölgenin okul terk olasılığı üzerindeki etkisi, kızlar için erkeklere göre daha güçlüdür. Bu durum, bölgesel düzeyde kızların eğitimi konusunda patriarkal bir toplumsal yapı ve muhafazakâr bir aile ortamının varlığını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okul Terki
• Erken Okuldan Ayrılma
• Eğitim Seviyesi
• Probit modeli
• Türkiye.

Early School Dropouts in Türkiye: The Influence of Personal and Family Characteristics

Öz

This study presents evidence on how individual and family factors affects the probability of educational dropout behavior in Türkiye by utilizing data from Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS) provided by Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) for the period 2004–2023. A probit model is employed to analyze the factors determining the school dropout probability of children aged 7-18. The results indicate that the impact of age on dropout probability is more pronounced for boys. As education level is increased, dropout probability is found to decrease in line with the findings in the literature. An increase in parental education results in a decrease in the dropout probability while the father's education level has a stronger impact on dropout rates than the mother's education level in both 2013 and 2023. Children in co-parenting households are less likely to leave school compared to those in single-parent households in all years. The influence of region on dropout probability is stronger for girls than for boys supporting the presence of a patriarchal social structure, and a conservative family environment towards girls' schooling across regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• School Dropout
• Early School Leaving
• Educational Level
• Probit Model
• Türkiye.

Kaynakça

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