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Öz

This article intends to describe in general outline and on the basis of first-hand sources the trade conducted between the Black Sea, a region ruled principally by a rural and natural economy, and England, an industrialized western country, in the first half of the 19th century. The reason why the trade was confined to Russian Black Sea is due to the fact that it was conducted almost entirely through the Russian ports at that time. All the calculations and evaluations in the research were made on the basis of the official value of trade items subject to exchange. At the end of the research, which focused on the volume and balance of trade and the composition of goods, it was found out that, the trend of increase observed through the research period became distinct towards the mid-century; the balance of trade was to the benefit of Russia; the Russian exports consisted almost completely of limited agricultural products and natural goods; English export articles comprised a wide variety of goods, in which the industrial products, mines, and colonial merchandise were prominent; and the colonial articles tended to become discernible among the exports towards the mid-century. It was inferred that the character of the trade was determined by the newly emerging industries, the colonial trade and the increasing need of nourishment

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Black Sea, Trade, England/Britain, Russia, 19th Century

İNGİLTERE-RUSYA TİCARETİNDE KARADENİZ: 1818-1850

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, esas itibarıyla zirai bir ekonomiye sahip olan Karadeniz havzası ile sanayileşmiş bir Batı Avrupa ülkesi olan İngiltere arasında 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yapılan ticareti, birinci el kaynaklara dayalı olarak ana hatlarıyla ortaya koymaktır. Karadeniz ticaretinin Rusya ile sınırlandırılmış olması, bu dönemde yapılan ticaretin tamamına yakınının Rus iskeleleriyle gerçekleştiriliyor olması nedeniyledir. Araştırma boyunca yapılan hesaplamalar ve değerlendirmeler, mübadeleye sahne olan malların resmi değerleri üzerinden yapılmıştır. İki bölge arasındaki ticaretin hacmi, ithalat ihracat dengesi ve mal kompozisyonu dikkate alınarak yapılan çalışma sonucunda, taraflar arasında araştırma dönemi boyunca artış eğilimde olan ticaretin yüzyıl ortalarına doğru belirgin biçimde sıçrama içerisine girdiği; ithalat ihracat dengesinin Rusya’nın lehine olduğu; Rusya’nın yaptığı ihracatın tamamına yakınının sınırlı sayıdaki tabii ürün ve hammaddelerden meydana geldiği; İngiliz ihraç mallarının zengin bir yelpaze oluşturduğu ve bu yelpazede sanayi mamulleri, sömürge ürünleri, madenlerin ağırlıklı yere sahip olduğu; ve yüzyıl ortalarına doğru, sömürge ürünlerinin ihraç malları içinde ön plana çıkmaya başladığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapılan ticaretin karakterinin şekillenmesinde yeni gelişen endüstri dalları, yaygınlaşan sömürge ticareti ve artan beslenme ihtiyacının belirleyici olduğu kanaatine ulaşılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karadeniz, Ticaret, İngiltere/Britanya, Rusya, 19. yüzyıl

Kaynakça

1. BAŞBAKANLIK OSMANLI ARŞİVİ (BOA), A.DVNS.HADR.d 10; A.DVNs. DVE.d; 30/5, 31/6, 35/2, 37/3, 63/7, 64/8, 65/9, 66/10, 88/6, 89/7, 90/8; A.DVN.DVE (3) 4/10, 11 vd.; A.DVN.DVE (3) 7/26; İzn-i Sefine Defteri: 7
2. THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES (UK), Records of Boards of Customs and Excise, CUST 4, Ledgers of Imports Under Countries: 13-45; CUST 8, Ledgers of Exports of British Merchandise Under Countries: 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 60- 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 75 (1852A), 87 (1858A), 89 (1859A), 112 (1871), 132 (1891); CUST 10, Ledgers of Exports of Foreign and Colonial Merchandise Under Countries: 9-41, 43.
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