Arap Şiiri ve Felsefi Geleneklerinde Ölüm: Ontolojik ve Estetik Bir Çalışma

Öz

Arap şiiri ve felsefesinde ölüm, bugün hâlâ en önemli temalardan biri olmayı sürdürmektedir; yalnızca fizyolojik bir zorunluluk olarak değil, aynı zamanda ontoloji ve estetiğin bir fenomeni olarak da. Bu makale, Arap filozof-şairlerinde ölümün betimlenişini, İslam öncesi şiirdeki varoluşsal kaygıdan sonraki dönemlerdeki felsefi ve mistik yapılanmalara nasıl evrildiği açısından ele almaktadır. Çalışma; İslam öncesi mersiye şairleri, el-Mütenebbî, el-Maarrî, İbn Sînâ ve Hallâc-ı Mansûr ile İbnü'l-Fârız dahil Sûfî şairler gibi seçilmiş şairlerin çözümlenmesi aracılığıyla ölümün süreklilik, yadsıma, kahramanlık ve aşkınlık kavramları çerçevesinde nasıl kavramsallaştırıldığını araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, ölümün anlamının şiir dili kullanımıyla nasıl kurulduğunu ve yeniden kurulduğunu keşfetmek amacıyla felsefi ontoloji ve edebi eserin estetik boyutlarını benimseyen analitik ve karşılaştırmalı bir yönteme sahiptir. Çalışma; Arapça şiir dilinin ölümü betimlemekle kalmayıp onu, varlık, benlik ve nihai gerçeklik gibi daha büyük soruların tartışıldığı sembolik ve epistemolojik bir sisteme yeniden kattığını öne sürmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra makale, ölümü fiziksel bir olgudan çok boyutlu bir estetik deneyime dönüştürmek için dilin, imgenin ve metaforun nasıl kullanıldığına da ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, felsefi araştırmayı şiirsel ifadeyle birleştiren Arap filozof-şairlerin eserlerinde insan halinin ifadesini ve yaşam, ölüm ile aşkınlığın sınırlarının yeniden tanımlanmasını aydınlatacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ölüm
• Arap Şiiri
• Ontoloji
• Estetik
• Tasavvuf

Death in Arabic Poetic and Philosophical Traditions: An Ontological and Aesthetic Study

Öz

In Arabic poetry and philosophy, death remains to this day to be one of the most important themes, not only as a physiological obligation, but as a phenomenon of ontology and aesthetics. This paper examines the portrayal of death in Arab philosopher-poets in terms of how it evolved in existential anxiety in pre-Islamic poetry to philosophical and mystical constructions in later times. The study explores the conceptualization of death as continuity, negation, heroism and transcendence through the analysis of selected poets including pre-Islamic elegists, Al-Mutanabbi, Al-Maarri, Ibn Sina, and Sufi poets, including, Al-Hallaj and Ibn al-Farid. It is an analytical and comparative method of study which adopts philosophical ontology and aesthetic aspects of the literary work to explore how the meaning of death is constructed and reconstructed through the use of the poetic language. It claims that the Arabic poetic language is not a description of death but rather it refolds it into a symbolic and epistemological system within which is discussed greater questions of being, self and ultimate reality. Moreover, the paper sheds light on how language, imagery and metaphor are used to turn death into a physical occurrence into a multidimensional aesthetic experience. This study will clarify the expression of the human condition and the re-definition of the boundaries of life, death and transcendence in the work of the Arab philosopher-poets who unite philosophical research with poetic expression.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Death
• Arabic Poetry
• Ontology
• Aesthetics
• Sufism

Kaynakça

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