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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 104 - 121, 31.12.2022

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Adedokun, O. A., Hetzel, K., Parker, L. C., Loizzo, J., Burgess, W. D., & Paul Robinson, J. (2012). Using Virtual Field Trips to Connect Students with University Scientists: Core Elements and Evaluation of zipTripsTM. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(5), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9350-z
  • 2. Alawi, W. S. S., & Al Mubarak, M. M. (2019). Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (Stem): Barriers and Solutions. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(6), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8908
  • 3. Aycock, L. M., Hazari, Z., Brewe, E., Clancy, K. B. H., Hodapp, T., & Goertzen, R. M. (2019). Sexual harassment reported by undergraduate female physicists. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(1), 10121. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010121
  • 4. Azmat, G., & Petrongolo, B. (2014). Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments? Labour Economics, 30, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.005
  • 5. Barthelemy, R. S., McCormick, M., & Henderson, C. (2016). Gender discrimination in physics and astronomy: Graduate student experiences of sexism and gender microaggressions. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.020119
  • 6. Benitez-Herrera, S., Spinelli, P. F., Mano, S., & Paula Germano, A. (2019). Pursuing gender equality in Astronomy in basic education: the case of the project “Girls in the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences”. EPJ Web of Conferences, 200, 02010. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920002010
  • 7. Bettio, F., & Verashchagina, A. (2009). Gender segregation in the labour market: Root causes, implications and policy responses in the EU. European Commission, 1–120. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4028&langId=en
  • 8. Blackburn, H. (2017). The Status of Women in STEM in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature 2007–2017. Science and Technology Libraries, 36(3), 235–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2017.1371658
  • 9. Blau, F., & Kahn, L. (2017). the Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations†. Journal of Economic Literature, LV. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1tm7gsm.15
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  • 12. Carli, L. L., Alawa, L., Lee, Y. A., Zhao, B., & Kim, E. (2016). Stereotypes About Gender and Science: Women ≠ Scientists. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315622645
  • 13. Carnes, M., Devine, P. G., Baier Manwell, L., Byars-Winston, A., Fine, E., Ford, C. E., … Sheridan, J. (2015). The effect of an intervention to break the gender bias habit for faculty at one institution: A cluster randomized, controlled trial. Academic Medicine, 90(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000552
  • 14. Cech, E. A., & Blair-Loy, M. (2019). The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(10), 4182–4187. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810862116
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KADINLARIN STEM KARİYERLERİNDE ZOR YOLU: NEREDEYİZ? NEDEN BU KADAR AZ? VE NE YAPILMALI?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 104 - 121, 31.12.2022

Öz

The purpose of this review paper is to examine barriers encountered by females in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The paper is organized into three main sections. First, the paper explores the current educatıon and workforce representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics landscape, and then, the paper details the barriers women face during education and work stages and societal barriers as well. Finally, we provide appropriate suggestions and highlight successful practices to overcome such barriers in woman's STEM career paths. The information has been elaborated and classified throughout reviewing the literature, national and global reports and statistics.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Adedokun, O. A., Hetzel, K., Parker, L. C., Loizzo, J., Burgess, W. D., & Paul Robinson, J. (2012). Using Virtual Field Trips to Connect Students with University Scientists: Core Elements and Evaluation of zipTripsTM. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(5), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9350-z
  • 2. Alawi, W. S. S., & Al Mubarak, M. M. (2019). Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (Stem): Barriers and Solutions. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(6), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8908
  • 3. Aycock, L. M., Hazari, Z., Brewe, E., Clancy, K. B. H., Hodapp, T., & Goertzen, R. M. (2019). Sexual harassment reported by undergraduate female physicists. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(1), 10121. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.15.010121
  • 4. Azmat, G., & Petrongolo, B. (2014). Gender and the labor market: What have we learned from field and lab experiments? Labour Economics, 30, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2014.06.005
  • 5. Barthelemy, R. S., McCormick, M., & Henderson, C. (2016). Gender discrimination in physics and astronomy: Graduate student experiences of sexism and gender microaggressions. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.020119
  • 6. Benitez-Herrera, S., Spinelli, P. F., Mano, S., & Paula Germano, A. (2019). Pursuing gender equality in Astronomy in basic education: the case of the project “Girls in the Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences”. EPJ Web of Conferences, 200, 02010. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920002010
  • 7. Bettio, F., & Verashchagina, A. (2009). Gender segregation in the labour market: Root causes, implications and policy responses in the EU. European Commission, 1–120. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=4028&langId=en
  • 8. Blackburn, H. (2017). The Status of Women in STEM in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature 2007–2017. Science and Technology Libraries, 36(3), 235–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2017.1371658
  • 9. Blau, F., & Kahn, L. (2017). the Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations†. Journal of Economic Literature, LV. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1tm7gsm.15
  • 10. Bleier, R., & Engle, I. M. (1987). Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and Its Theories on Women . American Journal of Physics, 55(2), 188–188. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.15202
  • 11. Carlana, M. (2019). Implicit Stereotypes : Evidence From Teachers. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 134(3), 1163-1224. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz008.Advance
  • 12. Carli, L. L., Alawa, L., Lee, Y. A., Zhao, B., & Kim, E. (2016). Stereotypes About Gender and Science: Women ≠ Scientists. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(2), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315622645
  • 13. Carnes, M., Devine, P. G., Baier Manwell, L., Byars-Winston, A., Fine, E., Ford, C. E., … Sheridan, J. (2015). The effect of an intervention to break the gender bias habit for faculty at one institution: A cluster randomized, controlled trial. Academic Medicine, 90(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000552
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Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Seham Aljaafreh 0000-0002-1361-2394

Yücel Sayılar 0000-0001-6226-0324

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 15 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aljaafreh, S., & Sayılar, Y. (2022). KADINLARIN STEM KARİYERLERİNDE ZOR YOLU: NEREDEYİZ? NEDEN BU KADAR AZ? VE NE YAPILMALI?. Marmara Üniversitesi Kadın Ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 104-121.