Üretimi Kaydırma ya da Kaydırma Tehdidine Karşı Sendikaların Tepkisi ve Uluslararası Dayanışma Olanakları: Türkiye’de Otomotiv Yan Sanayi Örneği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 1, 65 - 100, 24.03.2020

Miriş Meryem Kurtulmuş

Öz

Dünya ekonomisindeki yapısal kriz eğilimlerine karşı sermayenin geliştirdiği
stratejilerden biri olarak üretimin kaydırılması ya da kaydırma tehdidine karşı sendikalar
nasıl tepki vermektedir? İşçi sınıfı ve örgütleri arasında uluslararası dayanışma imkânı
var mıdır? Literatürde bu soruların cevaplarını arayan farklı ülke ve sektörde pek
çok araştırma vardır. Bu araştırmalarda üretimin kayması ya da kaydırma tehdidinin
sendikalardan ödünler elde emek için kullanıp kullanılmadığı, böyle bir tehdit
karşısında sendikaların nasıl tepki verdikleri ve tepkilerin farklılaşmasının nedenleri
incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada Çok Uluslu Şirketlerin (ÇUŞ) Türkiye’de otomotiv yan
sanayiindeki fabrikalarında örgütlü sendikaların üretimin kaydırılması ya da kaydırma
tehdidi ile karşı karşıya kalıp kalmadıkları ve karşı karşıya kaldıklarında nasıl bir tepki
verdikleri beş fabrikada sendika işyeri temsilcileri ile yapılmış yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde incelenecek ve sendikaların üretimi
kaydırma tehdidi karşısında izlediği stratejiler ve işçiler arasında uluslararası dayanışma
imkanı olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. Sermayenin amacı üretimi kaydırırken maliyetleri
düşürmek, karını artırmak, daha fazla artı değer elde etmektir. Bunu da farklı ülkelerde
ya da aynı ülkede farklı farikalardaki işçiler arasında rekabet yaratarak yapmaktadır.
Elbette üretimi kaydırmakta ama kaydırmasına gerek kalmadan yapabilirse bunu tercih
etmektedir. Dolayısıyla üretimi kaydırmak sermaye için geri dönüşsüz bir durum değil,
uygun olduğunda kullanılan bir stratejidir. Buna karşı uluslararası sendikal dayanışma
ise kendiliğinden olmayacaktır. Ancak sendikaların bilinçli stratejiler geliştirmeleri
halinde mümkün olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Üretimin kaydırılması,, çok uluslu şirketler,, otomotiv yan sanayi,, sendikalar,, Türkiye.

Kaynakça

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